内容简介
本书深入探讨了铁在人类文明中的核心地位，尽管我们常称当代为信息时代或硅时代，但铁及其合金仍是大规模基础设施、交通、建筑和制造业的基石。
作者Vaclav Smil以其跨学科视角，详细分析了铁的全球生产、消费和回收流程，以及其背后的资源、能源和环境挑战。书中也讨论了钢铁工业的技术演进，从传统高炉到电弧炉，并展望了未来低碳炼钢的可能性。
本书不仅是一部关于金属的科技史，更是一场对现代工业社会物质基础的深刻反思，适合对技术、能源和环境感兴趣的读者。
目录
Title page
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface and Acknowledgments
Previous Works by The Author
Abstract
Bloomery Iron
Blast Furnaces
Charcoal
Premodern Steel
Chapter 1. Iron and Steel Before the Eighteenth Century: Slow Adoption, Artisanal Production, and Scaling-Up
Abstract
European and British Ironmaking before 1750
British Transition to Coke
Larger Furnaces and Hot Blast
Wrought Iron
Chapter 2. Rise of Modern Ferrous Metallurgy, 1700–1850: Coke, Blast Furnaces, and Expensive Steel
Abstract
Blast Furnaces
Inexpensive Steel: Bessemer Converters and Open Hearths
Table of Contents
Copyright
Preface and Acknowledgments
Previous Works by The Author
Abstract
Bloomery Iron
Blast Furnaces
Charcoal
Premodern Steel
Chapter 1. Iron and Steel Before the Eighteenth Century: Slow Adoption, Artisanal Production, and Scaling-Up
Abstract
European and British Ironmaking before 1750
British Transition to Coke
Larger Furnaces and Hot Blast
Wrought Iron
Chapter 2. Rise of Modern Ferrous Metallurgy, 1700–1850: Coke, Blast Furnaces, and Expensive Steel
Abstract
Blast Furnaces
Inexpensive Steel: Bessemer Converters and Open Hearths
New Markets for Steel
Steel in Transportation and Construction
Chapter 3. Iron and Steel Before WW I, 1850–1914: The Age of Affordable Steel
Abstract
From WW I to the End of WW II
America’s Postwar Retreat
Japan in the Lead
Chinese Dominance
Chapter 4. A Century of Advances, 1914–2014: Changing Leadership in Iron and Steel Industry
Abstract
New Blast Furnaces
Direct Reduced Iron
Basic Oxygen Furnaces
Electric Arc Furnaces
Continuous Casting
Diffusion and Improvements
Chapter 5. Modern Ironmaking and Steelmaking: Furnaces, Processes, and Casting
Abstract
Materials for BFS and BOFS
Material Balances of Integrated Steelmaking
Steel Scrap
Material Balances of EAFs
Chapter 6. Materials in Modern Iron and Steel Production: Ores, Coke, Fluxes, Scrap, and Other Inputs
Abstract
Energy Accounting
Energy Cost of Steelmaking
Air and Water Pollution and Solid Wastes
Life Cycle Assessments
Chapter 7. Energy Costs and Environmental Impacts of Iron and Steel Production: Fuels, Electricity, Atmospheric Emissions, and Waste Streams
Abstract
Infrastructures and Buildings
Fuels and Electricity
Transportation
Industrial Equipment and Consumer Products
Chapter 8. Ubiquitous Uses of Steel: Sectoral Consumption and the Quest for Quality
Abstract
A Century and a Half of Modern Steel
Industry’s State
Flows and Consumption Rates
Steel Stocks
Chapter 9. Looking Back: Advances, Flows and Stocks
Abstract
Substitutions
Dematerialization
New Processes
Future Requirements
Chapter 10. Looking Ahead: The Future of Iron and Steel
Basic SI Units
Other Units Used in the Text
Multiples Used in the SI
Submultiples Used in the SI
Appendix A. Units and Their Multiples and Submultiples
Appendix B. Some Basic Terms
Appendix C. Global and National Production of Pig Iron and Steel, 1800–2015
Appendix D. Production of Crude Steel, 1900–2014 (All figures in Mt/year)
References
Index
Steel in Transportation and Construction
Chapter 3. Iron and Steel Before WW I, 1850–1914: The Age of Affordable Steel
Abstract
From WW I to the End of WW II
America’s Postwar Retreat
Japan in the Lead
Chinese Dominance
Chapter 4. A Century of Advances, 1914–2014: Changing Leadership in Iron and Steel Industry
Abstract
New Blast Furnaces
Direct Reduced Iron
Basic Oxygen Furnaces
Electric Arc Furnaces
Continuous Casting
Diffusion and Improvements
Chapter 5. Modern Ironmaking and Steelmaking: Furnaces, Processes, and Casting
Abstract
Materials for BFS and BOFS
Material Balances of Integrated Steelmaking
Steel Scrap
Material Balances of EAFs
Chapter 6. Materials in Modern Iron and Steel Production: Ores, Coke, Fluxes, Scrap, and Other Inputs
Abstract
Energy Accounting
Energy Cost of Steelmaking
Air and Water Pollution and Solid Wastes
Life Cycle Assessments
Chapter 7. Energy Costs and Environmental Impacts of Iron and Steel Production: Fuels, Electricity, Atmospheric Emissions, and Waste Streams
Abstract
Infrastructures and Buildings
Fuels and Electricity
Transportation
Industrial Equipment and Consumer Products
Chapter 8. Ubiquitous Uses of Steel: Sectoral Consumption and the Quest for Quality
Abstract
A Century and a Half of Modern Steel
Industry’s State
Flows and Consumption Rates
Steel Stocks
Chapter 9. Looking Back: Advances, Flows and Stocks
Abstract
Substitutions
Dematerialization
New Processes
Future Requirements
Chapter 10. Looking Ahead: The Future of Iron and Steel
Basic SI Units
Other Units Used in the Text
Multiples Used in the SI
Submultiples Used in the SI
Appendix A. Units and Their Multiples and Submultiples
Appendix B. Some Basic Terms
Appendix C. Global and National Production of Pig Iron and Steel, 1800–2015
Appendix D. Production of Crude Steel, 1900–2014 (All figures in Mt/year)
References
Index
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1. 本站分享的所有书籍均来源于自互联网，部分书籍中可能有压制者放置的广告，这并不是本站所为，请注意甄别。
2. 我们分享这些书籍，纯粹是出于知识分享的热情，以及对互联网分享精神的高度认同和践行，不以盈利为目的。
3. 本站分享的所有书籍，仅供个人学习研究使用，请勿用于任何商业用途，否则产生的一切法律纠纷与本站无关。
4. 如果这些书籍让你有所收获，在条件允许的情况下，请一定购买正版书籍，这是对创作者最好的支持。
5. 如果您是此书籍的版权所有者，且您不希望此作品出现在本站，请联系我们，我们将在收到您的请求后48小时内予以删除。
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