内容简介
《中华思想文化术语》是由外语教学与研究出版社出版的一套重要学术著作,由叶嘉莹、张岂之等著名学者担任顾问,艾恺、安乐哲等汉学家审订译文,汇集了文史哲领域百余位国内外专家历时7年编译而成。该套书荣获国家社会科学基金重大项目成果等多项荣誉,被视为向世界讲好中国故事的支点。
整套书分为历史、哲学、文艺三卷,系统梳理和阐释了中华思想文化中的核心术语。这些术语涵盖了中华文明数千年的智慧精髓,从历史演变、哲学思辨到文艺创作,每个术语都配有精准的释义和英文翻译,旨在帮助国内外读者准确理解中华思想文化的深层内涵。
本书不仅为学术研究提供了权威的参考资料,也为跨文化交流搭建了桥梁。通过深入浅出的解读,读者可以领略到中华思想文化独特的表达方式和思维逻辑,从而更好地向世界传播中国智慧、中国方案和中国价值。
目录
中华思想文化术语:历史卷(中英对照)
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队(按音序 In Alphabetical Order)Scholars Participating in the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”秘书处Secretariat of the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
Foreword
Publisher’s Note
爱国如家/àiguó-rújiā/Love the Country as One Loves One’s Family
爱类/àilèi/Love One’s Own Kind
爱民/àimín/Love the People
爱民者强/àimínzhěqiáng/Power Comes from Caring for the People.
爱人深者求贤急/ài rén shēn zhě qiú xián jí/Those Who Most Love the People Will Eagerly Seek Talent.
爱人为大/àirén-wéidà/Caring for Others Is the Top Priority.
爱人以德/àirényǐdé/Love the People in Accordance with Rules of Moral Conduct
安居乐业/ānjū-lèyè/Live in Peace and Work in Contentment
安时处顺/ānshí-chǔshùn/Face Reality Calmly
安土重迁/āntǔ-zhònɡqiān/Attached to the Land and Unwilling to Move
霸道/bàdào/Despotic Governance
保民/bǎomín/Protect the People
保民而王/bǎomín’érwàng/Protect the People and then Rule as a King
比而不党/bǐ’érbùdǎng/Be Close but Not Cliquish
兵贵胜,不贵久/bīng guì shèng, bù guì jiǔ/In War, Seek Quick Victory, Not Prolongation.
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队(按音序 In Alphabetical Order)Scholars Participating in the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”秘书处Secretariat of the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
Foreword
Publisher’s Note
爱国如家/àiguó-rújiā/Love the Country as One Loves One’s Family
爱类/àilèi/Love One’s Own Kind
爱民/àimín/Love the People
爱民者强/àimínzhěqiáng/Power Comes from Caring for the People.
爱人深者求贤急/ài rén shēn zhě qiú xián jí/Those Who Most Love the People Will Eagerly Seek Talent.
爱人为大/àirén-wéidà/Caring for Others Is the Top Priority.
爱人以德/àirényǐdé/Love the People in Accordance with Rules of Moral Conduct
安居乐业/ānjū-lèyè/Live in Peace and Work in Contentment
安时处顺/ānshí-chǔshùn/Face Reality Calmly
安土重迁/āntǔ-zhònɡqiān/Attached to the Land and Unwilling to Move
霸道/bàdào/Despotic Governance
保民/bǎomín/Protect the People
保民而王/bǎomín’érwàng/Protect the People and then Rule as a King
比而不党/bǐ’érbùdǎng/Be Close but Not Cliquish
兵贵胜,不贵久/bīng guì shèng, bù guì jiǔ/In War, Seek Quick Victory, Not Prolongation.
兵强而无义者残/bīng qiáng ér wú yì zhě cán/A Strong Army Without Righteousness Is Destructive.
兵强则灭/bīngqiángzémiè/Relying on Force and Flaunting One’s Superiority Leads to Destruction.
兵形象水/bīngxíng-xiàngshuǐ/Troops Should Charge Forward like the Flow of Water.
兵以义动/bīngyǐyìdòng/Fight for a Righteous Cause
兵者,所以禁暴除害也/bīng zhě, suǒyǐ jìnbào-chúhài yě/War Is Fought to Stop Violence and Eliminate Evil.
兵者凶器,争者逆德/bīng zhě xiōngqì, zhēng zhě nì dé/Weapons Kill; War Is Immoral.
博爱/bó’ài/Extensive Love to Benefit All People
不愤不启,不悱不发/bù fèn bù qǐ, bù fěi bù fā/Instruct Only Who Is Anxious to Learn; Teach Only Who Wants to Express Himself but Does Not Know How.
不忘百姓之病/bù wàng bǎixìng zhī bìng/Never Forget the suffering of the People
不战而胜/búzhàn’érshèng/Win Without Resorting to War
不战在我/búzhànzàiwǒ/Do not Engage the Enemy If Victory Is Not Guaranteed.
仓廪实而知礼节/cānglǐn shí ér zhī lǐjié/When the Granaries Are Full, the People Follow Appropriate Rules of Conduct.
苍生大医/cāngshēng-dàyī/A Master Physician to All the People
藏富于民/cángfùyúmín/Keep Wealth with the People
长城/Chángchéng/The Great Wall
城/chénɡ/Fortress / City
程门立雪/chéngmén-lìxuě/Standing in Snow at the Gate of the Cheng Home
春节/chūnjié/Spring Festival
春秋/《Chūnqiū》, Chūnqiū/The Spring and Autumn Annals / The Spring and Autumn Period
春秋笔法/《Chūnqiū》 bǐfǎ/The Style of The Spring and Autumn Annals
唇亡齿寒/chúnwánɡ-chǐhán/Once the Lips Are Gone, the Teeth Will Feel Cold.
辞尚体要/císhàngtǐyào/Succinctness Is Valued in Writing.
大道至简/dàdào-zhìjiǎn/Great Truth in Simple Words
大国者下流/dà guó zhě xià liú/A Great State Should Assume a Low Posture.
大同/dàtóng/Universal Harmony
大信不约/dàxìn-bùyuē/The Greatest Trust Is Not Found in Pledges.
大学/dàxué/Daxue(Great Learning)
大一统/dàyītǒng/Great Unity
大医精诚/dàyī-jīngchéng/A Master Physician Must Have Superb Skill and Sincerity.
淡泊明志,宁静致远/dànbó-míngzhì, níngjìng-zhìyuǎn/Indifference to Fame and Fortune Characterizes a High Aim in Life, and Leading a Quiet Life Helps One Accomplish Something Lasting.
当仁不让/dāngrén-búràng/When Facing an Opportunity to Exercise Benevolence, Do Not Yield.
道不同,不相为谋/dào bù tóng, bù xiāng wéi móu/Part Ways and Part Company
道济天下/dàojìtiānxià/Support All People by Upholding Truth and Justice
得道多助,失道寡助/dédào-duōzhù, shīdào-guǎzhù/A Just Cause Enjoys Abundant Support While an Unjust Cause Finds Little Support.
得人者兴,失人者崩/dérénzhěxīng, shīrénzhěbēng/He Who Obtains the Support of the People Will Rise; He Who Loses the Support of the People Will Come to Ruin.
鼎/dǐng/Ding(Vessel)
都/dū/Capital / Metropolis
读万卷书,行万里路/dú wàn juàn shū, xíng wàn lǐ lù/Read Ten Thousand Books and Travel Ten Thousand Li
多行不义必自毙/duō xínɡ bù yì bì zì bì/He Who Repeatedly Commits Wrongdoing Will Come to No Good End.
二柄/èrbǐng/Two Handles
二人同心,其利断金/èr rén tóng xīn, qí lì duàn jīn/If Two People Are of the Same Mind, Their Combined Strength Can Break Metal.
法/fǎ/Law / Dharma
法不阿贵/fǎbù’ēɡuì/The Law Does Not Favor the Rich and Powerful.
法与时变,礼与俗化/fǎ yǔ shí biàn, lǐ yǔ sú huà/Laws Change Along with Evolving Times; Rites Shift Along with Changing Customs.
法者所以爱民也/fǎ zhě suǒyǐ àimín yě/Law Is a Means of Loving the People.
法者,所以禁暴而率善人也/fǎ zhě, suǒyǐ jìn bào ér shuài shànrén yě/Law Is for Stopping Violence and Encouraging Good Behavior.
法者天子所与天下公共也/fǎ zhě tiānzǐ suǒ yǔ tiānxià gōnggòng yě/The Law Must Be Respected Equally by the Son of Heaven and All the People.
法治/fǎzhì/Rule by Law
泛爱/fàn’ài/Broad Love Extending to All
防民之口,甚于防川/fáng mín zhī kǒu, shèn yú fáng chuān/To Silence the People Is More Harmful than Blocking a River.
防微杜渐/fángwēi-dùjiàn/Take Precautions Early
封建/fēngjiàn/Feudal System / Feudalism
封禅/fēngshàn/Sacrificial Ceremony / An Ode to Sacrificial Ceremony
夫战,勇气也/fú zhàn, yǒngqì yě/Fighting Takes Courage.
福祸相倚/fúhuò-xiāngyǐ/Fortune and Misfortune Are Intertwined.
改邑不改井/gǎi yì bù gǎi jǐng/You Can Change a Town, but You Cannot Change the Wells.
干城/ɡànchénɡ/Shield and Fortress / Dukes and Princes
刚柔相济/gāngróu-xiāngjì/Combine Toughness with Softness
革命/ɡémìnɡ/Changing the Mandate / Revolution
工欲善其事,必先利其器/gōng yù shàn qí shì, bì xiān lì qí qì/A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job.
公公私私/gōnggōngsīsī/Public Property Belonging to the Public, Private Property to Individuals
公生明,廉生威/ɡōnɡ shēnɡ mínɡ, lián shēnɡ wēi/Fairness Fosters Discernment and Integrity Creates Authority.
公正/gōngzhèng/Fair / Just
苟利国家,不求富贵/gǒu lì guójiā, bù qiú fùguì/Seek to Benefit the Country Rather than Personal Wealth and Position
国家/ɡuójiā/Family-state / Country
国泰民安/guótài-mín’ān/Stable Country and Peaceful People
国体/ɡuótǐ/Guoti
国无怨民曰强国/guó wú yuànmín yuē qiángguó/A Country with No Resentful People Is Called a Strong Country.
国以义为利/guó yǐ yì wéi lì/A State Should Regard Righteousness as a Benefit.
海内/hǎinèi/Within the Four Seas / Within the Country
海外/hǎiwài/Outside the Four Seas / Overseas
好生/hàoshēng/Cherish Life
好战必亡,忘战必危/hào zhàn bì wáng, wàng zhàn bì wēi/Those Who Like to Go to War Will Perish; Those Who Forget War Will Be in Danger.
和为贵/héwéiguì/Harmony Is Most Precious.
和谐/héxié/Harmony
厚德载物/hòudé-zàiwù/Have Ample Virtue and Carry All Things
厚积薄发/hòujī-bófā/Build Up Fully and Release Sparingly
华夏/huáxià/Huaxia / The Han People
化干戈为玉帛/huà ɡānɡē wéi yùbó/Beat Swords into Plowshares / Turn War into Peace
怀远以德/huáiyuǎn-yǐdé/Embrace Distant Peoples by Means of Virtue
患在土崩,不在瓦解/huàn zài tǔbēng, bù zài wǎjiě/Calamity Is Collapse like a Landslide, Not a Few Roof-tiles Coming Loose.
皇帝/huángdì/Emperor
黄河/Huáng Hé/The Yellow River
惠民/huìmín/Benefit the People
集思广益/jísī-guǎngyì/Pool Wisdom of the People
己所不欲,勿施于人/jǐsuǒbúyù, wùshīyúrén/Do Not Do to Others What You Do Not Want Others to Do to You.
兼听/jiāntīng/Listen to Both Sides
见利思义/jiànlì-sīyì/Think of Righteousness in the Face of Gain
见微知著/jiànwēi-zhīzhù/Learn About What Is Forthcoming by Observing Tiny Clues
见贤思齐/jiànxián-sīqí/When Seeing a Person of High Caliber, Strive to Be His Equal.
见义勇为/jiànyì-yǒngwéi/Act Bravely for a Just Cause
鉴古知今/jiàngǔ-zhījīn/Review the Past to Understand the Present
江山/jiāngshān/Rivers and Mountains / Country or State Power
讲信修睦/jiǎngxìn-xiūmù/Keep Good Faith and Pursue Harmony
教化/jiàohuà/Shaping the Mind Through Education
教学相长/jiàoxué-xiāngzhǎng/Teaching and Learning Promote Each Other.
节气/jiéqì/The Twenty-four Solar Terms
尽忠报国/jìnzhōng-bàoguó/Be as Loyal as One Can Be and Serve One’s Own Country
京(京师)/jīnɡ(jīnɡshī)/Capital of a Country
经济/jīnɡjì/Govern and Help the People / Economy
经世致用/jīnɡshì-zhìyònɡ/Study of Ancient Classics Should Meet Present Needs.
敬业乐群/jìngyè-lèqún/Work Diligently and Keep Good Company with Others
九州/jiǔzhōu/Nine Zhou (Regions)
居安思危/jū’ān-sīwēi/Be on Alert Against Potential Danger When Living in Peace
举贤容众/jǔxián-róngzhòng/Recommend People of Virtue and Be Magnanimous Toward the Masses
君/jūn/Lord / Nobility / Monarch
君者善群/jūnzhě-shànqún/A Ruler Should Keep People Together.
君子不器/jūnzǐ-bùqì/A Gentleman Is Not an Implement.
君子固穷/jūnzǐ-gùqióng/A Man of Virtue Maintains His Ideals Even in Frustrations.
君子谋道不谋食/jūnzǐ móu dào bù móu shí/A Man of Virtue Seeks Dao, Not Livelihood.
君子义以为质/jūnzǐ yì yǐ wéi zhì/Righteousness Is Essential for a Person of Virtue.
君子之交/jūnzǐzhījiāo/Relations between Men of Virtue
郡县/jùnxiàn/Prefectures and Counties
开物成务/kāiwù-chénɡwù/Understand Things and Succeed in One’s Endeavors
苛政猛于虎/kēzhèng měng yú hǔ/Tyranny Is Fiercer than a Tiger.
科举/kējǔ/The Imperial Civil Examination System
乐生/lèshēng/To Delight in Life
礼尚往来/lǐshàngwǎnglái/Reciprocity as a Social Norm
理财正辞/lǐcái-zhèngcí/Manage Wealth Properly and Speak Correctly
利用厚生/lìyòng-hòushēng/Make Full Use of Resources to Enrich the People
良史/liángshǐ/Trustworthy Historian / Factual History
良医不能救无命/liángyī bù néng jiù wúmìng/Even a Good Doctor Cannot Save a Doomed Patient.
量出制入/liànɡchū-zhìrù/Spend-and-Tax / Expenditure Should Be Carefully Calculated Before Making a Plan to Gather Revenue.
六经皆史/liùjīng jiē shǐ/The Six Confucian Classics Are All About History.
六艺/liùyì/The Six Arts
龙/lóng/Dragon
伦理/lúnlǐ/Ethics
满招损,谦受益/mǎn zhāo sǔn, qiān shòu yì/Complacency Leads to Failure; Modesty to Success.
蒙以养正/méngyǐyǎngzhèng/Enlighten the Ignorant and Make Them Follow the Right Path
靡不有初,鲜克有终/mǐ bù yǒu chū, xiǎn kè yǒu zhōng/All Things Have a Beginning, but Few Can Reach the End.
庙号/miàohào/Temple Titles of Emperors
民胞物与/mínbāo-wùyǔ/All People Are My Brothers and Sisters, and All Things Are My Companions.
民惟邦本/mínwéibāngběn/People Are the Foundation of the State.
民无信不立/mín wú xìn bù lì/Without People’s Trust the State Will Not Survive.
民心/mínxīn/Will of the People
民心惟本/mínxīn-wéiběn/The People’s Will Is the Foundation of the State.
民以食为天/mín yǐ shí wéi tiān/Food Is of Primary Importance to the People.
民勇者战胜/mín yǒng zhě zhàn shèng/A Country with Brave People Can Win the Victory.
民主/mínzhǔ/Lord of the People / Democracy
睦内图外/mùnèi-túwài/Unity Within and Expansion Without
能自得师者王/néng zì dé shī zhě wàng/Eagerness to Learn Enables One to Excel Oneself.
年/nián/Lunar Year / Year
年号/niánhào/Reign Title
鸟尽弓藏/niǎojìn-gōngcáng/When the Birds Are Gone, the Bow Is Stored.
否极泰来/pǐjí-tàilái/When Worse Comes to the Worst, Things Will Turn for the Better.
平等/píngděng/Equality
平准/píngzhǔn/Maintain Prices at an Appropriate Level
千里之堤,溃于蚁穴/qiānlǐzhīdī, kuìyúyǐxué/A Dam of a Thousand Miles Can Collapse Due to an Ant Hole.
千里之行,始于足下/qiānlǐzhīxíng, shǐyúzúxià/A Journey of a Thousand Li Begins with the First Step.
前事不忘,后事之师/qiánshì-bùwàng, hòushìzhīshī/Past Experience, If Not Forgotten, Is a Guide for the Future.
清明/qīngmíng/The Qingming Festival
穷理尽性/qiónglǐ-jìnxìng/Explore the Nature of All Things
求同存异/qiútóng-cúnyì/Seek Common Ground While Setting Aside Differences
人/rén/Human Being / Humanity
人道/réndào/Way of Man
人命关天/rénmìng-guāntiān/Life Is as Important as Heaven.
人文/rénwén/Renwen (Human Culture)
人文化成/rénwén-huàchéng/Edify the Populace to Achieve a Harmonious Society
人怨伤国/rényuàn-shāngguó/People’s Grievances Harm the Country.
人治/rénzhì/Rule by Man
仁民爱物/rénmín-àiwù/Have Love for the People, and Cherish All Things
仁者爱人/rénzhě-àirén/A Benevolent Person Loves Others.
仁者无敌/rénzhě-wúdí/The Benevolent Person Is Invincible.
仁者自爱/rénzhě-zì’ài/A Benevolent Person Cherishes Himself.
仁政/rénzhèng/Benevolent Governance
日新/rìxīn/Constant Renewal
三不朽/sānbùxiǔ/Set Moral Examples, Perform Great Deeds, and Spread Noble Ideas
善败者不亡/shàn bài zhě bù wáng/Those Adept at Coping with Defeat Cannot Be Destroyed.
善为国者不欺其民/shàn wéi guó zhě bù qī qí mín/A Good Ruler Does Not Cheat the People.
赏善罚恶/shǎngshàn-fá’è/Reward Good and Punish Evil
赏信罚必/shǎngxìn-fábì/Confer Honors and Mete Out Punishment to Those Who Deserve Them
上帝/shànɡdì/Supreme Ruler / Ruler of Heaven
上工治未病/shànggōng zhì wèibìng/Great Physicians Treat Before the Outbreak of an Illness.
上善若水/shànɡshàn-ruòshuǐ/Great Virtue Is Like Water.
上下同欲者胜/shàngxià tóng yù zhě shèng/Triumph Comes When Leaders and Followers Share the Same Goal.
上医医国/shàngyī-yīguó/Great Healers Heal the Country.
舍生取义/shěshēng-qǔyì/Give One’s Life to Uphold Righteousness
社稷/shèjì/Gods of the Earth and the Five Grains / State / State Power
身教/shēnjiào/Teach by Example
慎思明辨/shènsī-míngbiàn/Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
慎终如始/shènzhōng-rúshǐ/Be as Discreet at the End as at the Beginning; Remain Discreet Throughout the Whole Process
生肖/shēngxiào/The Chinese Zodiac / Animal of the Year
师出有名/shīchū-yǒumínɡ/Fighting a War with a Moral Justification
师直为壮/shīzhí-wéizhuànɡ/Troops Will Be Powerful When Fighting a Just Cause.
十年树木,百年树人/shínián-shùmù, bǎinián-shùrén/It Takes Ten Years to Grow Trees and a Hundred Years to Nurture Talents.
实事求是/shíshì-qiúshì/Seek Truth from Facts
史/shǐ/History
史才三长/shǐcái-sāncháng/Three Strengths of a Good Historian
世外桃源/shìwài-táoyuán/Land of Peach Blossoms / Land of Idyllic Beauty
事势之流,相激使然/shìshì zhī liú, xiāng jī shǐ rán/The Flow of Events Is Caused by Interactions.
视人如己/shìrén-rújǐ/Treat Others the Way You Treat Yourself
恃德者昌,恃力者亡/shìdézhěchāng, shìlìzhěwáng/Those Who Rely on Virtue Will Thrive; Those Who Rely on Force Will Perish.
谥号/shìhào/Posthumous Title
授人以渔/shòurényǐyú/Teaching How to Fish
书院/shūyuàn/Classical Academy
水至清则无鱼/shuǐ zhì qīng zé wú yú/No Fish Survive If Water Is Too Clear.
顺天应人/shùntiān-yìngrén/Follow the Mandate of Heaven and Comply with the Wishes of the People
顺无不行,果无不彻/shùn wú bù xíng, guǒ wú bù chè/When What You Say Is Justified, There Is Nothing You Cannot Accomplish. When You Act Decisively, You Will Succeed.
斯文/sīwén/Be Cultured and Refined
四海/sìhǎi/Four Seas
四海之内皆兄弟/sìhǎi zhī nèi jiē xiōnɡdì/All the People Within the Four Seas Are Brothers.
岁寒三友/suìhán-sānyǒu/Three Friends of Winter / Steadfast, Loyal Friends
他山之石,可以攻玉/tāshānzhīshí, kěyǐ-gōngyù/Use Stones from Another Mountain to Polish One’s Jade
太学/tàixué/Imperial Academy
韬光养晦/tāoguāng-yǎnghuì/Keep a Low Profile
天时地利人和/tiānshí dìlì rénhé/Opportune Time, Geographic Advantage, and Unity of the People
天下/tiānxià/Tianxia (All Under Heaven)
天下乃天下之天下/tiānxià nǎi tiānxià zhī tiānxià/All Under Heaven Belongs to the People.
天下为公/tiānxià-wéigōng/The World Belongs to All.
天下兴亡,匹夫有责/tiānxià-xīngwáng, pǐfū-yǒuzé/The Rise and Fall of All Under Heaven Is the Responsibility of Every Individual.
天子/tiānzǐ/Son of Heaven
同胞/tóngbāo/Brothers and Sisters of the Same Parents; Compatriots
投桃报李/tóutáo-bàolǐ/Return Kindness with Kindness / Return Goodwill in Kind
推己及人/tuījǐ-jírén/Put Oneself in Another’s Place
王/wáng/King
王道/wángdào/Kingly Way (Benevolent Governance)
王者富民/wángzhě-fùmín/A Ruler Should Enrich People.
韦编三绝/wéibiān-sānjué/Leather Thongs Binding Wooden Strips Break Three Times.
为学日益,为道日损/wéi xué rì yì, wéi dào rì sǔn/Pursue Knowledge by Adding; Pursue Dao by Subtracting
为政以德/wéizhèng-yǐdé/Governance Based on Virtue
温故知新/wēngù-zhīxīn/Review the Old and Learn the New
文明/wénmíng/Wenming (Civilization)
无为而治/wúwéi’érzhì/Rule Through Non-action
无欲则刚/wúyù-zégāng/People with No Covetous Desires Stand Upright.
吴越同舟/Wú-Yuè-tónɡzhōu/People of Wu and Yue Are in the Same Boat.
五德终始/wǔdé-zhōngshǐ/The Cycle of Five Elements
五伦/wǔlún/The Five Bonds
徙木立信/xǐmù-lìxìn/Establish One’s Credibility by Rewarding People for Moving a Log
小康/xiǎokāng/Modest Prosperity
协和万邦/xiéhé-wànbāng/Coexistence of All in Harmony
心同理同/xīntóng-lǐtóng/People of Similar Natures and Emotions Will Have Similar Understanding.
信以传信,疑以传疑/xìn yǐ chuán xìn, yí yǐ chuán yí/Pass Down both What Is Credible and What Is Unverifiable
兴利除害/xīnglì-chúhài/Promote the Beneficial; Eliminate the Harmful
刑期于无刑/xíng qī yú wú xíng/The Purpose of Punishment Is to Eliminate Punishment.
杏林/xìnglín/Apricot Trees / Venerable Doctors with Good Skills
兄弟阋于墙,外御其侮/xiōngdì xì yú qiáng, wài yù qí wǔ/Brothers Quarrel Within the Walls of the Home; Outside They Resist Bullying by Others.
修辞立诚/xiūcí-lìchéng/Establish Credibility Through Careful Choice of Words
修己安人/xiūjǐ-ānrén/Cultivate Oneself to Benefit Others
修齐治平/xiū-qí-zhì-píng/Self-cultivation, Family Regulation, State Governance,Bringing Peace to All Under Heaven
悬壶济世/xuánhú-jìshì/Hang a Gourd (Practice Medicine) to Help the World
悬梁刺股/xuánliáng-cìgǔ/Tie One’s Hair on the House Beam and Jab One’s Side with an Awl to Keep Oneself from Falling Asleep while Studying
选举/xuǎnjǔ/Select and Recommend
言必信,行必果/yán bì xìn, xíng bì guǒ/Promises Must Be Kept; Actions Must Be Resolute.
言有物,行有恒/yán yǒu wù, xíng yǒu héng/Talk Substance; Act with Perseverance
言者无罪,闻者足戒/yánzhě-wúzuì, wénzhě-zújiè/Those Who Speak Shouldn’t Be Punished While Those Who Listen Should Take Warning.
炎黄/Yán-Huáng/The Fiery Emperor and the Yellow Emperor / Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang
养民/yǎnɡmín/Nurture the People
野无遗贤/yěwúyíxián/No Sagacious Person Ignored
叶落归根/yèluò-guīgēn/Leaves Fall Returning to the Roots.
医者仁心/yīzhě-rénxīn/The Caring Heart of a Physician
以国为国,以天下为天下/yǐ guó wéi guó, yǐ tiānxià wéi tiānxià/Rule a State or a Country with different Methods
以武为植,以文为种/yǐ wǔ wéi zhí, yǐ wén wéi zhǒng/Military Action Is like Planting; Good Rule Is like the Seed.
以刑去刑/yǐxíng-qùxíng/Abolish Punishment with Punishment
以义制事/yǐyì-zhìshì/Handle Matters According to Morality and Justice
以战止战/yǐzhàn-zhǐzhàn/Use War to Stop War
义以生利,利以丰民/yì yǐ shēng lì, lì yǐ fēng mín/Justice Brings Wealth, and Wealth Enriches People.
因材施教/yīncái-shījiào/Audience-based Education
因革/yīngé/Inheritance and Innovation
饮水思源/yǐnshuǐ-sīyuán/When Drinking Water, One Must Not Forget Its Source.
勇于不敢/yǒngyú-bùgǎn/Courage Lies in Not Venturing into Action.
有病不治,常得中医/yǒu bìng bù zhì, cháng dé zhōng yī/Self-treating an Illness Can Usually Get a Good Result.
有教无类/yǒujiào-wúlèi/Education for All Without Discrimination
有容乃大/yǒuróng-nǎidà/A Broad Mind Achieves Greatness.
愚公移山/yúgōng-yíshān/The Foolish Old Man Who Moved the Mountains
与民更始/yǔmín-gēngshǐ/Make a Fresh Start with the People
与时消息/yǔshí-xiāoxī/Things Grow or Wither with Time.
欲强兵者,务富其民/yù qiáng bīng zhě, wù fù qí mín/A Strong Army Depends on a Prosperous Populace.
允执厥中/yǔnzhí-juézhōng/Hold Fast the Golden Mean
载舟覆舟/zàizhōu-fùzhōu/Carry or Overturn the Boat / Make or Break
凿壁借光/záobì-jièguāng/Borrow Light from a Next Door Neighbor
战法必本于政胜/zhàn fǎ bì běn yú zhèng shèng/Methods of Warfare Must Be Based on the Success of Politics.
正义/zhèngyì/Correct Meaning / Justice
政贵有恒/zhèngguìyǒuhéng/Stability Is the Key to Governance.
政通人和/zhèngtōng-rénhé/Good Governance and Harmonious People
政者正也/zhèngzhě-zhèngyě/Governance Means Rectitude.
政治/zhènɡzhì/Decree and Governance / Politics
知常达变/zhīcháng-dábiàn/Master Both Permanence and Change
知耻而后勇/zhī chǐ ér hòu yǒng/Having a Feeling of Shame Gives Rise to Courage.
止戈为武/zhǐɡēwéiwǔ/Stopping War Is a True Craft of War.
制国有常,利民为本/zhì guó yǒu cháng, lì mín wéi běn/Governance Should Deliver Benefits to the People.
制民之产/zhìmínzhīchǎn/Sustaining the People’s Livelihood
治大国若烹小鲜/zhì dà guó ruò pēng xiǎo xiān/Governing a Big Country Is Like Cooking Small Fish.
治内裁外/zhìnèi-cáiwài/Handling Internal affairs Takes Precedence over External affairs.
智圆行方/zhìyuán-xíngfāng/Be Wise in Thinking and Act Properly
中国/zhōngguó/Zhongguo (China)
中华/zhōnghuá/Zhonghua
众志成城/zhòngzhì-chéngchéng/Unity Is Strength.
自强不息/zìqiánɡ-bùxī/Strive Continuously to Strengthen Oneself
自由/zìyóu/Acting Freely / Freedom
宗法/zōngfǎ/Feudal Clan System
宗教/zōngjiào/Buddhist Teachings / Religious Sect
宗庙/zōngmiào/Ancestral Temple
尊生/zūnshēng/Respect Life
尊师重道/zūnshī-zhòngdào/Honor Teachers and Respect Rules
附录Appendices
中华思想文化术语:哲学卷(中英对照)
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队Scholars Participating in the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”秘书处Secretariat of the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
Foreword
Publisher’s Note
安贫乐道 /ānpín-lèdào/Be Content with a Simple but Virtuous Life
八卦 /bāɡuà/Eight Trigrams
八音克谐 /bāyīn-kèxié/Harmonious Combination of Eight Sounds
白马非马 /báimǎ fēi mǎ/A White Horse Is Not a Horse.
保民 /bǎomín/Protect the People
抱法处势 /bàofǎ-chǔshì/Upholding Law by Means of Power
本末 /běnmò/Ben and Mo (The Fundamental and the Incidental)
本无 /běnwú/Benwu (Original Non-being)
变化 /biànhuà/Change
别名 /biémíng/Distinct Name
般若 /bōrě/Prajna / Wisdom
博施济众 /bóshī-jìzhòng/Deliver Extensive Benefits to the People and Relieve the Sufering of the Poor
不二 /bù’èr/Advaya / Non-duality
不言之教 /bùyánzhījiào/Influence Others Without Preaching
不真空 /bùzhēnkōng/Emptiness as Non-substantiality
才 /cái/Talent / Capability / Attribute
参验 /cānyàn/Cross-checking and Verification
常 /cháng/Constant Laws of Nature
称情立文 /chēngqíng-lìwén/Establish Moral Standards in Keeping with Human Feelings
成人 /chéngrén/Complete Man
诚 /chéng/Sincerity
诚意 /chénɡyì/Be Sincere in Thought
痴 /chī/Obsessiveness / Ignorance / Perplexity
耻 /chǐ/Shame
崇本举末 /chóngběn-jǔmò/Revere the Fundamental and Keep the Specific Unchanged
崇本息末 /chóngběn-xīmò/Revere the Fundamental and Dismiss the Specific
慈 /cí/Kindness
达名 /dámíng/Unrestricted Name
大节 /dàjié/Major Principles
大体 /小体/dàtǐ / xiǎotǐ/The Major Organ and the Minor Organs
大学 /dàxué/Daxue (Great Learning)
大一统 /dàyītóng/Great Unity
大丈夫 /dàzhàngfu/Great Man
道 /dào/Dao (Way)
道法自然 /dàofǎzìrán/Dao Operates Naturally.
道问学 /dào wènxué/Quest for Knowledge
道心 /dàoxīn/Moral Mind / Moral Consciousness
德 /dé/De (Virtue)
德性 /déxìng/Virtuous Nature / Morals as Human Nature
德性之知 /déxìnɡzhīzhī/Knowledge from One’s Moral Nature
地理 /dìlǐ/The Laws Determining the Physical Features of the Land /Geography
动静 /dònɡjìnɡ/Movement and Stillness
独化 /dúhuà/Self-driven Development
兑 /duì/Dui (Marsh)
二柄 /èrbǐng/Two Handles
二谛 /èrdì/Satyadvaya / Two Truths
法 /fǎ/Law / Dharma
法身 /fǎshēn/Dharmakāya / Body of Dharma
烦恼 /fánnǎo/Kleśa / Affliction
反 /fǎn/Reversal to the Opposite
反求诸己 /fǎnqiúzhūjǐ/Introspection
反者道之动 /fǎn zhě dào zhī dòng/The Only Motion Is Returning.
方便 /fāngbiàn/Upāya / Expediency
非攻 /fēiɡōnɡ/Denouncing Unjust Wars
非命 /fēimìng/Rejection of Fatalism
分 /fèn/Natural Attribute
风化 /fēnghuà/Influence of Moral Cultivation
佛性 /fóxìng/Buddhadhātu / Buddha-nature
福祸相倚 /fúhuò-xiāngyǐ/Fortune and Misfortune Are Intertwined.
刚柔 /ɡānɡróu/Toughness and Softness
刚柔相济 /gāngróu-xiāngjì/Combine Toughness with Softness
刚毅 /gāngyì/Firm and Resolute
革故鼎新 /ɡéɡù-dǐnɡxīn/Do Away with the Old and Set Up the New
格物致知 /ɡéwù-zhìzhī/Study Things to Acquire Knowledge
格义 /géyì/Matching Meanings
艮 /gèn/Gen (Mountain)
公私 /gōngsī/Public and Private
共名 /gòngmíng/General Name
寡欲 /ɡuǎyù/Restraining Desires
卦爻 /ɡuàyáo/Trigrams / Hexagrams and Component Lines
卦爻辞 /guàyáocí/Hexagram Texts
冠礼 /guànlǐ/Cap Wearing Ceremony
光而不耀 /ɡuānɡ’érbùyào/Bright but Not Dazzling
过犹不及 /ɡuòyóubùjí/Going Too Far Is as Bad as Falling Short.
浩然之气 /hàoránzhīqì/Noble Spirit
合同异 /hé tóngyì/Unify Similarity and Difference
和 /hé/Harmony
和而不同 /hé’érbùtónɡ/Harmony but Not Uniformity
和实生物 /hé shí shēng wù/Harmony Begets New Things.
洪范 /hóngfàn/The Grand Rules
化性起伪 /huàxìnɡ-qǐwěi/Transform Intrinsic Evil Nature to Develop Acquired Nature of Goodness
恍惚 /huǎnghū/Intangible Existence
婚礼 /hūnlǐ/Wedding Ceremony
浑沌 /hùndùn/Chaos
几 /jī/Ji(Omen)
积善成德 /jīshàn-chénɡdé/Moral Character Can Be Built by Accumulating Goodness.
己所不欲,勿施于人 /jǐsuǒbùyù, wùshīyúrěn/Do Not Do to Others What You Do Not Want Others to Do to You.
祭礼 /jìlǐ/Sacrificial Ceremony
假名 /jiǎmíng/Prajñapti / Designation
兼爱 /jiān’ài/Universal Love
俭 /jiǎn/Thriftiness
见利思义 /jiànlì-sīyì/Think of Righteousness in the Face of Gain
见闻之知 /jiànwénzhīzhī/Knowledge from One’s Senses
解蔽 /jiěbì/Clear the Mind of Enigmas
尽心 /jìnxīn/Exert One’s Heart / Mind to the Utmost
经 /权/jīnɡ / quán/Constant and Temporary
经学 /jīngxué/Classics Scholarship
精气 /jīngqì/Vital Energy
净土 /jìngtǔ/Sukhāvatīvyūha / Pure Land
静因之道 /jìngyīnzhīdào/Governance by Being Aloof
绝地天通 /jué dì tiān tōng/Keep Earthly and Heavenly Affairs Separate
君子 /jūnzǐ/Junzi (Man of Virtue)
坎 /kǎn/Kan (The Water Symbol)
克己复礼 /kèjǐ-fùlǐ/Restrain Yourself and Follow Social Norms
空 /kōng/Śūnyatā / Emptiness
孔颜之乐 /Kǒnɡ-Yán zhī lè/The Happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui
苦 /kǔ/Duhkha / Sufering
狂狷 /kuángjuàn/Proactive Versus Prudent
坤 /kūn/Kun (The Earth Symbol)
乐天知命 /lètiān-zhīmìng/Rejoice in Complying with Heaven and Know Its Mandate
类名 /lèimíng/Classified Name
离 /lí/Li (The Fire Symbol)
离坚白 /lí jiānbái/Separate Hardness from Whiteness
礼 /lǐ/Li (Rites / Social Norms / Propriety)
理 /lǐ/Li
理一分殊 /lǐyī-fēnshū/There Is But One Li (Universal Principle), Which Exists in Diverse Forms.
力 /lì/Strength / Capability
立中制节 /lìzhōng-zhìjié/Determine the Proper Way for Expressing Human Feelings
利 /lì/Interests / Gain
良知 /liángzhī/Liangzhi (Conscience)
两仪 /liǎngyí/Two Modes
临渊履薄 /línyuān-lǚbó/Be Discreet as if Standing on Cliff Edge or Treading on Thin Ice
六艺 /liùyì/The Six Arts
伦理 /lúnlǐ/Ethics
轮回 /lúnhuí/Saṃsāra / Rebirth / Reincarnation
矛盾 /máodùn/Paradox of the Spear and the Shield / Contradiction
庙算 /miàosuàn/Court Calculation
名实 /mínɡshí/Name and Substance
明德 /mínɡdé/Illustrious Virtue
明分使群 /mínɡfèn-shǐqún/Proper Ranking Leads to Collaboration.
命 /mìnɡ/Mandate / Destiny
木讷 /mùnè/Simple and Sparing of Words
念佛 /niànfó/Buddhānusmṛti / Recollection of the Buddha
涅槃 /nièpán/Nirvana
判教 /pànjiào/Classification of Teachings
聘礼 /pìnlǐ/Pinli (Diplomatic Etiquette and Protocol)
菩提 /pútí/Bodhi
齐物 /qíwù/See Things as Equal
奇正 /qízhèng/Qi or Zheng (Surprise or Normal)
气 /qì/Qi (Vital Force)
气质之性 /qìzhìzhīxìng/Character Endowed by Qi (Vital Force)
器 /qì/Qi (Vessel)
前识 /qiánshí/Foreknowledge / Prophecy
乾 /qián/Qian
亲亲 /qīnqīn/Affection for One’s Kin
亲知 /qīnzhī/Knowledge from Personal Experience
情 /qíng/Qing
穷理尽性 /qiónglǐ-jìnxìng/Explore the Nature of All Things
穷则变,变则通,通则久 /qióng zé biàn, biàn zé tōng, tōng zé jiǔ/Extreme – Change – Continuity
求放心 /qiú fànɡxīn/Search for the Lost Heart
人副天数 /rénfùtiānshù/Humanity Should Be Aligned with Nature.
人伦 /rénlún/Human Relations
人心 /rénxīn/Human Heart / Human Desires
仁 /rén/Ren (Benevolence)
仁政 /rénzhèng/Benevolent Governance
如来藏 /rúláizàng/Tathāgatagarbha / Womb of the Tathāgata
三表 /sānbiǎo/Three Standards
三才 /sāncái/Three Elements
三界 /sānjiè/Traidhātuka / Three Realms of Existence
三思而行 /sānsī’érxínɡ/Think Carefully Before Taking Action
三省吾身 /sānxǐng-wúshēn/Reflect on Oneself Several Times a Day
三玄 /sānxuán/Three Metaphysical Classics
丧礼 /sānglǐ/Mourning Rites
色 /sè/Rūpa / Matter
上兵伐谋 /shàngbīng-fámóu/The Best Strategy in Warfare is to Foil the Enemy’s Strategy.
尚同 /shàngtóng/Conform Upwardly
尚贤 /shàngxiǎn/Exalt the Worthy
舍生取义 /shěshēng-qǔyì/Give One’s Life to Uphold Righteousness
射礼 /shèlǐ/Rites of Archery
神 /shén/Shen (Spirit / Spiritual)
慎独 /shèndú/Shendu
慎思明辨 /shènsī-míngbiàn/Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
慎终追远 /shènzhōng-zhuīyuǎn/Mourn the Deceased and Memorialize Those Long Gone
生生 /shēngshēng/Perpetual Growth and Change
圣 /shèng/Sage / Sageness
圣人 /shèngrén/Sage
师法之化 /shīfǎzhīhuà/Enlightenment Through Education
时 /shí/Time / Timing
时中 /shízhōng/Follow the Golden Mean
识 /shí/Vijñāna / Consciousness
实相 /shíxiàng/Bhūtatathatā / True Suchness
世异事异 /shìyì-shìyì/When Times Change, So Do Social Conditions.
势 /shì/Situation / Trend
恕 /shù/Being Considerate / Forgiveness
率性 /shuàixìng/Acting in Accordance with Human Nature
说知 /shuōzhī/Knowledge from Explanation
私名 /sīmíng/Private Name
思 /sī/Reflecting / Thinking
四端 /sìduān/Four Initiators
四书 /sìshū/Four Books
素位而行 /sùwèi’érxínɡ/Do What Is Proper for Your Situation
太极 /tàijí/Taiji (The Supreme Ultimate)
太虚 /tàixū/Taixu (Great Void)
体用 /tǐyòng/Ti and Yong
悌 /tì/Fraternal Duty
天 /tiān/Tian (Heaven)
天道 /tiāndào/Way of Heaven
天经地义 /tiānjīng-dìyì/Natural Rules and Orderliness
天籁 /tiānlài/Sounds of Nature
天理 /tiānlǐ/Natural Law / Principles of Heaven
天命 /tiānmìnɡ/Mandate of Heaven
天命靡常 /tiānmìng-mǐcháng/Heaven-bestowed Supreme Power Is Not Eternal.
天命之性 /tiānmìngzhīxìng/Character Endowed by Heaven
天人感应 /tiānrén-gǎnyìng/Nature and Humans Respond to Each Other.
天人合一 /tiānrén-héyī/Heaven and Man Are United as One.
天人之分 /tiānrénzhīfēn/Distinction Between Man and Heaven
天文 /tiānwén/The Laws of Constellations and Seasons / Astronomy
同归殊途 /tónɡɡuī-shūtú/Arrive at the Same Destination via Different Routes / Rely on a Common Ontological Entity
推恩 /tuī’ēn/Extend Benevolence and Love
推己及人 /tuījǐ-jírén/Put Oneself in Another’s Place
为仁由己 /wéirén-yóujǐ/Readily Practice Benevolence and Virtue
为己之学 /wèijǐzhīxué/Learning for Self-improvement
文质 /wénzhì/Form and Content
闻知 /wénzhī/Knowledge from Hearsay
无常 /wúcháng/Anitya / Impermanent
无为 /wúwéi/Non-action
无我 /wúwǒ/Anātman / Egolessness
无用之用 /wúyònɡzhīyònɡ/The Advantage of Appearing Useless
五经 /wǔjīnɡ/Five Classics
五伦 /wǔlún/The Five Bonds
五行 /wǔxíng/Wuxing
五行相生 /wǔxíng-xiāngshēng/The Five Elements, Each in Turn Producing the Next
五行相胜 /wǔxíng-xiāngshèng/The Five Elements Triumph over Each Other.
物 /wù/Wu (Thing / Matter)
物化 /wùhuà/Transformation of Things
物极必反 /wùjí-bìfǎn/When Reaching an Extreme, Things Are Bound to Revert to Their Opposites.
习 /xí/Practice
贤人 /xiánrén/Person of Integrity
见素抱朴 /xiànsù-bàopǔ/Maintain Originality and Embrace Simplicity
乡饮酒礼 /xiāngyǐnjiǔlǐ/Banquet for Community Leaders and Rural Elders
乡愿 /xiāngyuàn/Hypocrite
相反相成 /xiānɡfǎn-xiānɡchénɡ/Being both Opposite and Complementary
象 /xiànɡ/Xiang (Semblance)
象数 /xiànɡshù/Emblems and Numbers
逍遥 /xiāoyáo/Carefree
消息 /xiāoxī/Wax and Wane
小节 /xiǎojié/Minor Principles
小人 /xiǎorén/Petty Man
孝 /xiào/Filial Piety
絜矩之道 /xiéjǔzhīdào/Principle for the Application of Rules and Norms
心 /xīn/Heart / Mind
心术 /xīnshù/The Art of the Mind
心悦诚服 /xīnyuè-chénɡfú/Be Completely Convinced and Follow Willingly
心斋 /xīnzhāi/Pure State of the Mind
心知 /xīnzhī/Mind Cognition
信 /xìn/Good Faith
行己有耻 /xíngjǐ-yóuchǐ/Conduct Oneself with a Sense of Shame
行先知后 /xínɡxiān-zhīhòu/First Action, Then Knowledge
形而上 /xínɡ’érshànɡ/What Is Above Form / The Metaphysical
形而下 /xínɡ’érxià/What Is Under Form / The Physical
形具神生 /xínɡjù-shénshēnɡ/Physical Form Gives Birth to Spirit.
形名 /xíngmíng/Form and Name
性 /xìng/Xing (Nature)
性恶 /xìng’è/Human Nature Is Evil.
性分 /xìnɡfèn/Natural Attribute
性三品 /xìngsānpǐn/Human Nature Has Three Levels.
性善 /xìngshàn/Human Nature Is Good.
性善恶混 /xìng shàn-è hùn/Human Nature Is a Mixture of Good and Evil.
性无善无恶 /xìng wú shàn wú è/Human Nature Is Neither Good Nor Evil.
修德振兵 /xiūdé-zhènbīng/Cultivate Virtue and Strengthen the Army
虚 /xū/Xu (Void)
虚己以游世 /xū jǐ yǐ yóu shì/Free One’s Mind to Enjoy the World
虚壹而静 /xūyī’érjìnɡ/Open-mindedness, Concentration, and Tranquility
玄 /xuán/Xuan (Mystery)
玄德 /xuándé/Inconspicuous Virtue
学 /xué/Learn
血气 /xuèqì/Vitality / Vital Force
循名责实 /xúnmínɡ-zéshí/Hold Actualities According to Its Name
巽 /xùn/Xun (Wind)
言不尽意 /yánbùjìnyì/Words Cannot Fully Express Thought.
言尽意 /yánjìnyì/Words Can Fully Express Thought.
业 /yè/Karma
一 /yī/The One
一阐提 /yīchǎntí/Icchantika
一物两体 /yīwù-liǎnɡtǐ/One Thing in Two Fundamental States
一言兴邦 /yīyán-xīngbāng/A Single Remark Makes a Country Prosper.
一以贯之 /yīyǐguànzhī/Observe a Fundamental Principle Throughout One’s Pursuit
移风易俗 /yífēng-yìsú/Change Social Practices and Customs
以无为本 /yǐ wú wéi běn/Wu Is the Origin.
以直报怨 /yǐzhí-bàoyuàn/Repay a Grudge with Rectitude
义 /yì/Righteousness
易简 /yìjiǎn/Ease and Simplicity
阴阳 /yīnyáng/Yin and Yang
隐士 /yǐnshì/Hermit / Recluse
勇 /yǒnɡ/Courage
游 /yóu/Unattached
有无 /yǒuwú/You and Wu
与时消息 /yǔshí-xiāoxī/Things Grow or Wither with Time.
与时偕行 /yǔshí-xiéxínɡ/Go with the Times
宇宙 /yǔzhòu/Universe / Cosmos
欲 /yù/Desire
元 /yuán/Yuan (Origin)
元亨利贞 /yuánhēng-lìzhēn, yuán-hēng-lì-zhēn/Yuanheng Lizhen
圆融 /yuánróng/Consummate Interfusion
缘督以为经 /yuán dū yǐ wéi jīng/Follow the Du Meridian as the Law
缘起 /yuánqǐ/Dependent Origination
约定俗成 /yuēdìng-súchéng/Established Through Popular Usage / Accepted Through Common Practice
乐 /yuè/Yue (Music)
则 /zé/Rules
震 /zhèn/Zhen (Vibration)
正名 /zhènɡmínɡ/Rectification of Names
正心 /zhènɡxīn/Rectify One’s Heart / Mind
知行 /zhīxínɡ/Knowledge and Application
知行合一 /zhīxínɡ-héyī/Unity of Knowledge and Action
知先行后 /zhīxiān-xínɡhòu/First Knowledge, Then Action
直 /zhí/Rectitude
制民之产 /zhìmínzhīchǎn/Sustaining the People’s Livelihood
智 /zhì/Intelligence
中道 /zhōngdào/The Middle Way
中和 /zhōnghé/Balanced Harmony
中庸 /zhōngyōng/Zhongyong (Golden Mean)
忠 /zhōnɡ/Loyalty
诸子百家 /zhūzǐ-bǎijiā/A Hundred Schools of Thought
诸子学 /zhūzǐxué/Study of A Hundred Schools of Thought
庄周梦蝶 /Zhuāng Zhōu mèng dié/Zhuangzi Dreaming of Becoming a Butterfly
自然 /zìrán/Naturalness
自生 /zìshēng/Spontaneous Generation
宗教 /zōngjiào/Buddhist Teachings / Religious Sect
尊德性 /zūn déxìng/Revere One’s Virtuous Nature
坐忘 /zuòwàng/Forget the Difference and Opposition Between Self and the Universe
附录Appendices
中华思想文化术语:文艺卷(中英对照)
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队Scholars Participating in the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”秘书处Secretariat of the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
Foreword
Publisher’s Note
哀吊/āidiào/Essay of Mourning and Essay of Memory
哀景写乐/āijǐng-xiělè/Depict Sorrowful Scenery to Express Happiness
八音克谐/bāyīn-kèxié/Harmonious Combination of Eight Sounds
白描/báimiáo/Plain Line Drawing
百戏/bǎixì/Baixi (All Performing Arts)
悲慨/bēikǎi/Depressed and Enraged
北曲/běiqǔ/Northern Opera
本色/běnsè/Bense (Original Character)
比德/bǐdé/Virtue Comparison
边塞诗/biānsàishī/Frontier Poetry
辨体/biàntǐ/Style differentiation
标举兴会/biāojǔ-xìnghuì/Distinctiveness and Spontaneity
别材别趣/biécái-biéqù/Distinct Subject and Artistic Taste
别集/biéjí/Individual Collection
不黏不脱,不即不离/bù nián bù tuō, bù jí bù lí/Neither Obsessed with Nor Detached from the Objects Depicted
不平则鸣/bùpíngzémíng/Cry Out Against Injustice
不涉理路,不落言筌/bù shè lǐlù, bù luò yánquán/Dispense with Theory and Logic; Take Care Not to Fall into Traps of Language
不似之似/bùsìzhīsì/Dissimilar in Form but Similar in Spirit
不学《诗》,无以言/bù xué 《shī》, wú yǐ yán/You Won’t Be Able to Talk Properly with Others Without Studying The Book of Songs .
草书/cǎoshū/Cursive Script
常州词派/Chángzhōu cípài/The Changzhou School of Commentary on Ci Poetry
畅神/chàngshén/Free Flow of One’s Mind
沉郁/chényù/Melancholy
陈诗展义/chénshī-zhǎnyì/Write Poetry to Express Feeling and Aspiration
陈言务去/chényán-wùqù/The Necessity of Eliminating Banal Expression
程器/chéngqì/Assessment of One’s Overall Qualities
痴/chī/Obsessiveness / Ignorance / Perplexity
赤子之心/chìzǐzhīxīn/Utter Innocence
冲淡/chōngdàn/Quiet Elegance
虫书/chóngshū/Insect Script
丑/chǒu/Ugliness / Chou (Role of Clown in a Traditional Chinese Opera)
楚辞/chǔcí, 《Chǔcí》/Chuci (Ode of Chu)
传奇/chuánqí/Chuanqi (Legendary Story / Legendary Play)
传神写照/chuánshén-xiězhào/Convey the Spirit and Capture the Person
纯素/chúnsù/Pure and Unadorned
词/cí/Ci (Lyric)
词话/cíhuà/Criticism on Ci Poetry / Cihua (Story-telling with Song and Speech)
词曲/cíqǔ/Ci (Lyric) and Qu (Melody)
辞达/cídá/Expressiveness
辞尚体要/císhàngtǐyào/Succinctness Is Valued in Writing.
错彩镂金/cuòcǎi-lòujīn/Gilded and Colored
大巧若拙/dàqiǎo-ruòzhuō/Exquisite Skill Looks Simple and Clumsy.
大收煞/dàshōushā/The Grand Finale
大用/dàyòng/Maximal Functioning
大篆/dàzhuàn/Greater Seal Script / Big Seal Script
丹青/dānqīng/Painting in Colors
但见性情,不睹文字/dàn jiàn xìngqíng, bù dǔ wénzì/To Impress Readers with True Feelings Oblivious of Its Wording
淡泊/dànbó/Quiet Living with No Worldly Desire
当行/dāngháng/Professionalism
典雅/diǎnyǎ/Classical Elegance
点铁成金/diǎntiě-chéngjīn/Turning a Crude Poem or Essay into a Literary Gem
独抒性灵,不拘格套/dú shū xìnglíng, bù jū gétào/Bold Expression of One’s True Self
读万卷书,行万里路/dú wàn juàn shū, xíng wàn lǐ lù/Read Ten Thousand Books and Travel Ten Thousand Li
夺胎换骨/duótāi-huànɡǔ/Express the Ideas in Earlier Literary Works in a New Way
发愤著书/fāfèn-zhùshū/Indignation Spurs One to Write Great Works.
发乎情,止乎礼义/fā hū qíng, zhǐ hū lǐyì/Start with Feelings and Control with Propriety
发纤秾于简古,寄至味于淡泊/fā xiānnónɡ yú jiǎnɡǔ, jì zhìwèi yú dànbó/Intricacy Within Plainness, and Intensity Beneath Quietude
繁缛/fánrù/Overly Elaborative
方圆/fāngyuán/Squareness and Roundness
丰肉微骨/fēngròu-wēigǔ/Fleshy Body and Soft Bone Structure
丰腴/fēnɡyú/Plump Beauty
风骨/fēnggǔ/Fenggu
风教/fēngjiào/Moral Cultivation
风神/fēngshén/Vim and Vigor
风雅颂/fēng-yǎ-sòng/Ballad, Court Hymn, and Eulogy
封禅/fēngshàn/Sacrificial Ceremony / An Ode to Sacrificial Ceremony
讽咏/fěnɡyǒnɡ/Chanting with Feeling
讽谕/fěngyù/Subtle Admonition
芙蓉出水/fúróng-chūshuǐ/Lotus Rising Out of Water
赋比兴/fù-bǐ-xìng/Narrative, Analogy, and Association
感物/ɡǎnwù/Sensed Externalities
高古/gāogǔ/Unadorned Antiquity
歌/gē/Song
歌行体/gēxíngtǐ/Poetic Song
格/gé/Examine / Study
格调/gédiào/Form and Melody
隔/不隔/gé / bùgé/Disharmony / Harmony
公安派/Gōng’ān pài/The Gong’an School of Literary Writing
宫调/gōngdiào/Gongdiao (Musical Modes)
古文运动/ɡǔwén yùndònɡ/Classical Prose Movement
骨/肉/gǔ / ròu/Bones and Flesh / Literary Framework and Nuanced Expressions
含蓄/hánxù/Subtle Suggestion
涵泳/hányǒng/Be Totally Absorbed (in Reading and Learning)
汉乐府/hànyuèfǔ/Yuefu Poetry
豪放派/háofànɡpài/The Haofang School / The Bold and Unconstrained School
和/hé/Harmony
和出于适/hé chūyú shì/Harmony Comes from Appropriateness.
和谐/héxié/Harmony
化工/画工/huàɡōnɡ / huàɡōnɡ/Magically Natural, Overly Crafted
化境/huàjìng/Sublimity in Art
画道/huàdào/Dao of Painting
画龙点睛/huàlónɡ-diǎnjīnɡ/Add Pupils to the Eyes of a Painted Dragon / Render the Final Touch
幻中有真/huàn zhōng yǒu zhēn/Truth in Imagination
荒寒/huānghán/Grim and Desolate
会心/huìxīn/Heart-to-heart Communication
绘画六法/huìhuà liù fǎ/Six Rules of Painting
绘事后素/huì shì hòu sù/The White Silk First, the Painting Afterwards / Beauty from Natural Simplicity
活法/huófǎ/Literary Flexibility
肌理/jīlǐ/Reasoning and Structure
甲骨文/jiǎgǔwén/Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells
建安风骨/Jiàn’ān fēnɡɡǔ/The Jian’an Literary Style
江西诗派/Jiāngxī shīpài/The Jiangxi School of Poetry
结构/jiégòu/Structure
解衣盘礴/jiěyī-pánbó/Sitting with Clothes Unbuttoned and Legs Stretching Out
金文/jīnwén/Bronze Script
劲健/jìnɡjiàn/Strength and Vigor
竟陵派/Jìnglíng pài/The Jingling School of Literary Writing
境界/jìnɡjiè/Jingjie (Visionary World)
境生象外/jìnɡshēnɡxiànɡwài/Aesthetic Conception Transcends Concrete Objects Described.
楷书/kǎishū/Regular Script
空灵/kōnglíng/Ethereal effect
枯淡/kūdàn/Dry Plainness
苦吟/kǔyín/Painstaking Versification
夸饰/kuāshì/Exaggeration and Embellishment
旷达/kuàngdá/Broad-mindedness / Unconstrained Style
厉与西施,道通为一/lài yǔ Xīshī, dào tōng wéi yī/A Scabby Person and the Beautiful Lady Xishi Are the Same in the Eyes of Dao.
乐而不淫,哀而不伤/lè ér bù yín, āi ér bù shāng/Express Enjoyment Without Indulgence and Express Grief Without Excessive Distress
诔碑/lěibēi/Eulogy or Inscription Carved on a Stela
离形得似/líxínɡ-désì/Transcend the Outer Form to Capture the Essence
理趣/lǐqù/Philosophical Substance Through Artistic Appeal
立主脑/lì zhǔnǎo/Focus on What Is Central to a Drama
丽/lì/Enthralling Charm
丽辞/lìcí/Ornate Parallel Style
隶书/lìshū/Clerical Script / official Script
六观/liùɡuān/Six Criteria
六义/liùyì/The Six Basic Elements
乱世之音/luànshìzhīyīn/Music of an Age of Disorder
论说/lùnshuō/Writings of Argument and Persuasion
美刺/měicì/Extolment and Satirical Criticism
妙悟/miàowù/Subtle Insight
铭箴/míngzhēn/Epigraph and Maxim
目击道存/mùjī-dàocún/See the Way with One’s Own Eyes
南北书派/nán-běi shūpài/The Northern and Southern Schools of Calligraphy
南戏/nánxì/Southern Opera
内美/nèiměi/Inner Beauty
拟容取心/nǐróng-qǔxīn/Compare Appearances to Grasp the Essence
浓淡/nóngdàn/Denseness and Lightness
飘逸/piāoyì/Natural Grace
品题/pǐntí/Make Appraisals
奇正/qízhèng/Qi or Zheng (Surprise or Normal)
气骨/qìgǔ/Qigu (Emotional Vitality and Forcefulness)
气象/qìxiàng/Prevailing Features
气韵/qìyùn/Artistic Appeal
迁想妙得/qiānxiǎnɡ-miàodé/Inspirational Creation Based on Association in Thinking
巧拙/qiǎozhuō/Cleverness and Clumsiness
清词丽句/qīngcí-lìjù/Refreshing Words and Exquisite Expressions
情发于声/qínɡfāyúshēnɡ/Feelings Find Expression in Musical Poetry.
情兼雅怨/qínɡ jiān yǎyuàn/A Mixed Quality of Grace and Sorrow
情教/qínɡjiào/Moral Instruction Carried Out with Emotion
情景/qíngjǐng/Sentiment and Scenery
情以物迁,辞以情发/qíng yǐ wù qiān, cí yǐ qíng fā/Feeling Varies with Scenery and Verbal Expression Arises from Feeling.
屈宋/Qū-Sòng/The Qu-Song Duo
曲/qǔ/Qu (Melody)
取境/qǔjìnɡ/Qujing (Conceptualize an Aesthetic Feeling)
趣/qù/Qu
劝百风一/quànbǎi-fěngyī/Much Blandishment and Little Criticism
人文化成/rénwén-huàchéng/Edify the Populace to Achieve a Harmonious Society
仁者乐山,智者乐水/rénzhě-yàoshān, zhìzhě-yàoshuǐ/The Virtuous Love Mountains and the Wise Love Water.
镕裁/róngcái/Refining and Deleting
山水诗/shānshuǐshī/Landscape Poetry
神思/shénsī/Imaginative Contemplation
神与物游/shényǔwùyóu/Interaction Between the Mind and the Subject Matter
神韵/shényùn/Elegant Subtlety
审虚实/shěn xūshí/Balance Fiction and Reality
审音知政/shěnyīn-zhīzhèng/Assess Governance by Listening to Music
声律/shēnglǜ/Tonal and Rhythmical Patterns
声无哀乐/shēngwú’āilè/There Is No Such Thing as Joyful or Sad Music.
声一无听,物一无文/shēng yī wú tīng, wù yī wú wén/A Single Note Does Not Compose a Melodious Tune, Nor Does a Single Color Make a Beautiful Pattern.
盛唐之音/shènɡtánɡzhīyīn/Poetry of the Prime Tang Dynasty
诗/shī/Shi (Poetry)
诗话/shīhuà/Criticism on Poetry / Shihua (Story-telling with Song and Speech)
诗家三昧/shījiā sānmèi/The Key to Poetic Creation
诗界革命/shījiè ɡémìnɡ/The Revolution in the Circle of Poets
诗穷而后工/shī qióng ér hòu gōng/A Good Poem Is the Product of Pent-up Emotions.
诗史/shīshǐ/Historical Poetry
诗无达诂/shīwúdáɡǔ/Poetry Defies Fixed Interpretation.
诗言志/shī yán zhì/Poetry Expresses Aspirations.
诗缘情/shī yuán qíng/Poetry Springs from Emotions.
诗中有画,画中有诗/shī zhōnɡ yǒu huà, huà zhōnɡ yǒu shī/Painting in Poetry, Poetry in Painting
时序/shíxù/Change Along with Times
识书之道/shíshūzhīdào/The Way to Recognize Good Calligraphy
势/shì/Situation / Trend
瘦硬/shòuyìng/Thin and Strong
书道/shūdào/The Way of Calligraphy
书契/shūqì/Documents on Bamboo or Wooden Slips
书圣/shūshèng/The Sage of Calligraphy
书者,散也/shū zhě, sǎn yě/Calligraphy Expresses Inner Conditions.
疏密/shūmì/Sparsity and Density
水墨画/shuǐmòhuà/Ink Wash Painting
说话/shuōhuà/Tale Telling
思无邪/sīwúxié/No Depraved Thoughts
思与境偕/sīyǔjìnɡxié/Blend Sentiment with Scenery
宋杂剧/Sònɡ zájù/Poetic Drama of the Song Dynasty
颂赞/sòngzàn/Extolment and Commendation
随物赋形/suíwù-fùxínɡ/Writing That Flows like Water
太康体/Tàikānɡ tǐ/The Taikang Literary Style
体/tǐ/Ti
体性/tǐxìng/Style and Temperament
田园诗/tiányuánshī/Idyllic Poetry
同光体/Tónɡ-Guānɡ tǐ/The Tong-Guang School of Poetry
桐城派/Tónɡchénɡ pài/The Tongcheng School of Writing
脱窠臼/tuō kējiù/Avoid Stereotypes
外师造化,中得心源/wài shī zàohuà, zhōng dé xīnyuán/Draw Artistic Inspiration from Both Within and Without
婉约派/wǎnyuēpài/The Wanyue School / The Graceful and Restrained School
亡国之音/wánɡɡuózhīyīn/Music of a Failing State
温柔敦厚/wēnróu-dūnhòu/Mild, Gentle, Sincere, and Broad-minded
文笔/wénbǐ/Writing and Writing Technique
文界革命/wénjiè ɡémìnɡ/The Revolution in the Literati Circle
文气/wénqì/Wenqi
文人画/wénrénhuà/Literati Painting
文学/wénxué/Literature / Scholars / Education officials
文以意为主/wén yǐ yì wéi zhǔ/The Message Matters More than the Rhetoric.
文以载道/wényǐzàidào/Literature Is the Vehicle of Ideas.
文章/wénzhānɡ/Literary Writing
卧游/wòyóu/Enjoy Sceneries Without Physically Travelling
吴带当风/Wú dài dānɡ fēnɡ/The Sashes in Wu’s Painting Flutter as if in the Wind.
五音/wǔyīn/The Five Notes
物色/wùsè/Physical Features
西昆体/xīkūn tǐ/The Xikun Poetic Style
檄移/xíyí/Condemnation and Admonition
洗炼/xǐliàn/Make Writing Succinct
戏文/xìwén/Southern Opera / Operatic Script
萧散简远/xiāosǎn-jiǎnyuǎn/Natural, Leisurely, Simple yet Profound
小收煞/xiǎoshōushā/Midpoint Conclusion
小说/xiǎoshuō/Fiction
小篆/xiǎozhuàn/Lesser Seal Script / Small Seal Script
写气图貌/xiěqì-túmào/Depict Outward Features to Convey an Innate Liveliness
写意/xiěyì/Freehand Brushwork
信言不美,美言不信/xìn yán bù měi, měi yán bù xìn/Trustworthy Words May Not Be Fine-sounding; Fine-sounding Words May Not Be Trustworthy.
行书/xíngshū/Running Script
兴/xìng/Evocation
兴观群怨/xìng-guān-qún-yuàn/Stimulation, Contemplation, Communication, and Criticism
兴寄/xìnɡjì/Xingji (Association and Inner Sustenance)
兴趣/xìnɡqù/Xingqu (Charm)
性灵/xìnglíng/Xingling (Inner Self )
雄浑/xiónghún/Powerfulness
虚静/xūjìnɡ/Void and Peace
玄览/xuánlǎn/Xuanlan ( Pure-minded Contemplation )
玄言诗/xuányánshī/Metaphysical Poetry
选体/《Xuǎn》 tǐ, xuǎntǐ/Xuanti Poetry / Poetry in Prince Zhaoming’s Favorite Style
雅俗/yǎsú/Highbrow and Lowbrow
雅乐/yǎyuè/Fine Music
言之无文,行而不远/yán zhī wú wén, xíng ér bù yuǎn/Lackluster Wording Never Travels Far.
扬州八怪/Yánɡzhōu bāɡuài/The Magical Eight Painters of Yangzhou
养气/yǎngqì/Cultivate Qi
一画/yīhuà/All Forms of Painting as Multiplied from a Single Stroke /Oneness in Painting
以形媚道/yǐxínɡ-mèidào/Natural Shapes Adapting to Dao
以形写神/yǐxínɡ-xiěshén/Capture the Spirit Beyond Form
以意逆志/yǐyì-nìzhì/Interpret a Writing from One’s Own Perspective
义法/yìfǎ/Yi Fa (Guidelines for Writing Good Prose)
艺术/yìshù/Art
议对/yìduì/Commentary and Proposal
意不称物,文不逮意/yì bù chèn wù, wén bù dài yì/Ideas Cannot Match Actual Things and Words Cannot Fully Express Ideas.
意境/yìjìnɡ/Aesthetic Conception
意兴/yìxìnɡ/Inspirational Appreciation
因革/yīngé/Inheritance and Innovation
音/yīn/Musical Sounds
隐显/yǐnxiǎn/Concealment and Revelation
隐秀/yǐnxiù/Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
隐逸诗/yǐnyìshī/Recluse Poetry
永明体/Yǒnɡmínɡ tǐ/The Yongming Poetic Style
咏史诗/yǒnɡshǐshī/Poetry on History
优人/yōurén/Entertainers
有德者必有言/yǒu dé zhě bì yǒu yán/Virtuous People Are Sure to Produce Fine Writing.
有我之境/无我之境/yǒu wǒ zhī jìnɡ / wú wǒ zhī jìnɡ/Scene Involving the Self / Scene Not Involving the Self
元和体/Yuánhé tǐ/The Yuanhe Style of Poetry
元杂剧/Yuán zájù/Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty
怨刺/yuàncì/Resentment and Sting
院本/yuànběn/Jin Opera / Scripts Used by Courtesans
乐/yuè/Yue (Music)
乐教/yuèjiào/Music Education
韵/yùn/Rhyme / Charm
章表/zhāngbiǎo/Memorial of Gratitude or Petition
章句/zhāngjù/Textual Components / Annotation Work
诏策/zhàocè/Imperial Edicts
正声/zhèngshēng/Proper Music / Finest Poetry
正始体/Zhènɡshǐ tǐ/The Zhengshi Literary Style
郑声/zhènɡshēnɡ/The Music of the State of Zheng
知音/zhīyīn/Resonance and Empathy
直寻/zhíxún/Direct Quest
咫尺有万里之势/zhǐchǐ yǒu wànlǐ zhī shì/Power of Landscape Within Inches
至乐无乐/zhìlè-wúlè/Utmost Happiness Lies in Not Aware of the Happiness.
治世之音/zhìshìzhīyīn/Music of an Age of Good Order
诸宫调/zhūgōngdiào/Song-speech Drama
主文而谲谏/zhǔ wén ér jué jiàn/Admonition Through Tactful Wording
祝盟/zhùméng/Benediction and Vow of Allegiance
转益多师/zhuǎnyì-duōshī/Learn from Many Masters, and Form Your Own Style
滋味/zīwèi/Nuanced Flavor
紫之夺朱/zǐzhīduózhū/Purple Prevailing over Red
自然英旨/zìrán-yīngzhǐ/Charm of Spontaneity
总集/zǒngjí/General Collection / Anthology
奏启/zòuqǐ/Memorial or Statement to Present One’s View to the Emperor
尊碑贬帖/zūnbēi-biǎntiè/Praising Stone Inscriptions while Belittling Copying from Stone Rubbings
附录Appendices
兵强则灭/bīngqiángzémiè/Relying on Force and Flaunting One’s Superiority Leads to Destruction.
兵形象水/bīngxíng-xiàngshuǐ/Troops Should Charge Forward like the Flow of Water.
兵以义动/bīngyǐyìdòng/Fight for a Righteous Cause
兵者,所以禁暴除害也/bīng zhě, suǒyǐ jìnbào-chúhài yě/War Is Fought to Stop Violence and Eliminate Evil.
兵者凶器,争者逆德/bīng zhě xiōngqì, zhēng zhě nì dé/Weapons Kill; War Is Immoral.
博爱/bó’ài/Extensive Love to Benefit All People
不愤不启,不悱不发/bù fèn bù qǐ, bù fěi bù fā/Instruct Only Who Is Anxious to Learn; Teach Only Who Wants to Express Himself but Does Not Know How.
不忘百姓之病/bù wàng bǎixìng zhī bìng/Never Forget the suffering of the People
不战而胜/búzhàn’érshèng/Win Without Resorting to War
不战在我/búzhànzàiwǒ/Do not Engage the Enemy If Victory Is Not Guaranteed.
仓廪实而知礼节/cānglǐn shí ér zhī lǐjié/When the Granaries Are Full, the People Follow Appropriate Rules of Conduct.
苍生大医/cāngshēng-dàyī/A Master Physician to All the People
藏富于民/cángfùyúmín/Keep Wealth with the People
长城/Chángchéng/The Great Wall
城/chénɡ/Fortress / City
程门立雪/chéngmén-lìxuě/Standing in Snow at the Gate of the Cheng Home
春节/chūnjié/Spring Festival
春秋/《Chūnqiū》, Chūnqiū/The Spring and Autumn Annals / The Spring and Autumn Period
春秋笔法/《Chūnqiū》 bǐfǎ/The Style of The Spring and Autumn Annals
唇亡齿寒/chúnwánɡ-chǐhán/Once the Lips Are Gone, the Teeth Will Feel Cold.
辞尚体要/císhàngtǐyào/Succinctness Is Valued in Writing.
大道至简/dàdào-zhìjiǎn/Great Truth in Simple Words
大国者下流/dà guó zhě xià liú/A Great State Should Assume a Low Posture.
大同/dàtóng/Universal Harmony
大信不约/dàxìn-bùyuē/The Greatest Trust Is Not Found in Pledges.
大学/dàxué/Daxue(Great Learning)
大一统/dàyītǒng/Great Unity
大医精诚/dàyī-jīngchéng/A Master Physician Must Have Superb Skill and Sincerity.
淡泊明志,宁静致远/dànbó-míngzhì, níngjìng-zhìyuǎn/Indifference to Fame and Fortune Characterizes a High Aim in Life, and Leading a Quiet Life Helps One Accomplish Something Lasting.
当仁不让/dāngrén-búràng/When Facing an Opportunity to Exercise Benevolence, Do Not Yield.
道不同,不相为谋/dào bù tóng, bù xiāng wéi móu/Part Ways and Part Company
道济天下/dàojìtiānxià/Support All People by Upholding Truth and Justice
得道多助,失道寡助/dédào-duōzhù, shīdào-guǎzhù/A Just Cause Enjoys Abundant Support While an Unjust Cause Finds Little Support.
得人者兴,失人者崩/dérénzhěxīng, shīrénzhěbēng/He Who Obtains the Support of the People Will Rise; He Who Loses the Support of the People Will Come to Ruin.
鼎/dǐng/Ding(Vessel)
都/dū/Capital / Metropolis
读万卷书,行万里路/dú wàn juàn shū, xíng wàn lǐ lù/Read Ten Thousand Books and Travel Ten Thousand Li
多行不义必自毙/duō xínɡ bù yì bì zì bì/He Who Repeatedly Commits Wrongdoing Will Come to No Good End.
二柄/èrbǐng/Two Handles
二人同心,其利断金/èr rén tóng xīn, qí lì duàn jīn/If Two People Are of the Same Mind, Their Combined Strength Can Break Metal.
法/fǎ/Law / Dharma
法不阿贵/fǎbù’ēɡuì/The Law Does Not Favor the Rich and Powerful.
法与时变,礼与俗化/fǎ yǔ shí biàn, lǐ yǔ sú huà/Laws Change Along with Evolving Times; Rites Shift Along with Changing Customs.
法者所以爱民也/fǎ zhě suǒyǐ àimín yě/Law Is a Means of Loving the People.
法者,所以禁暴而率善人也/fǎ zhě, suǒyǐ jìn bào ér shuài shànrén yě/Law Is for Stopping Violence and Encouraging Good Behavior.
法者天子所与天下公共也/fǎ zhě tiānzǐ suǒ yǔ tiānxià gōnggòng yě/The Law Must Be Respected Equally by the Son of Heaven and All the People.
法治/fǎzhì/Rule by Law
泛爱/fàn’ài/Broad Love Extending to All
防民之口,甚于防川/fáng mín zhī kǒu, shèn yú fáng chuān/To Silence the People Is More Harmful than Blocking a River.
防微杜渐/fángwēi-dùjiàn/Take Precautions Early
封建/fēngjiàn/Feudal System / Feudalism
封禅/fēngshàn/Sacrificial Ceremony / An Ode to Sacrificial Ceremony
夫战,勇气也/fú zhàn, yǒngqì yě/Fighting Takes Courage.
福祸相倚/fúhuò-xiāngyǐ/Fortune and Misfortune Are Intertwined.
改邑不改井/gǎi yì bù gǎi jǐng/You Can Change a Town, but You Cannot Change the Wells.
干城/ɡànchénɡ/Shield and Fortress / Dukes and Princes
刚柔相济/gāngróu-xiāngjì/Combine Toughness with Softness
革命/ɡémìnɡ/Changing the Mandate / Revolution
工欲善其事,必先利其器/gōng yù shàn qí shì, bì xiān lì qí qì/A Craftsman Must Sharpen His Tools to Do His Job.
公公私私/gōnggōngsīsī/Public Property Belonging to the Public, Private Property to Individuals
公生明,廉生威/ɡōnɡ shēnɡ mínɡ, lián shēnɡ wēi/Fairness Fosters Discernment and Integrity Creates Authority.
公正/gōngzhèng/Fair / Just
苟利国家,不求富贵/gǒu lì guójiā, bù qiú fùguì/Seek to Benefit the Country Rather than Personal Wealth and Position
国家/ɡuójiā/Family-state / Country
国泰民安/guótài-mín’ān/Stable Country and Peaceful People
国体/ɡuótǐ/Guoti
国无怨民曰强国/guó wú yuànmín yuē qiángguó/A Country with No Resentful People Is Called a Strong Country.
国以义为利/guó yǐ yì wéi lì/A State Should Regard Righteousness as a Benefit.
海内/hǎinèi/Within the Four Seas / Within the Country
海外/hǎiwài/Outside the Four Seas / Overseas
好生/hàoshēng/Cherish Life
好战必亡,忘战必危/hào zhàn bì wáng, wàng zhàn bì wēi/Those Who Like to Go to War Will Perish; Those Who Forget War Will Be in Danger.
和为贵/héwéiguì/Harmony Is Most Precious.
和谐/héxié/Harmony
厚德载物/hòudé-zàiwù/Have Ample Virtue and Carry All Things
厚积薄发/hòujī-bófā/Build Up Fully and Release Sparingly
华夏/huáxià/Huaxia / The Han People
化干戈为玉帛/huà ɡānɡē wéi yùbó/Beat Swords into Plowshares / Turn War into Peace
怀远以德/huáiyuǎn-yǐdé/Embrace Distant Peoples by Means of Virtue
患在土崩,不在瓦解/huàn zài tǔbēng, bù zài wǎjiě/Calamity Is Collapse like a Landslide, Not a Few Roof-tiles Coming Loose.
皇帝/huángdì/Emperor
黄河/Huáng Hé/The Yellow River
惠民/huìmín/Benefit the People
集思广益/jísī-guǎngyì/Pool Wisdom of the People
己所不欲,勿施于人/jǐsuǒbúyù, wùshīyúrén/Do Not Do to Others What You Do Not Want Others to Do to You.
兼听/jiāntīng/Listen to Both Sides
见利思义/jiànlì-sīyì/Think of Righteousness in the Face of Gain
见微知著/jiànwēi-zhīzhù/Learn About What Is Forthcoming by Observing Tiny Clues
见贤思齐/jiànxián-sīqí/When Seeing a Person of High Caliber, Strive to Be His Equal.
见义勇为/jiànyì-yǒngwéi/Act Bravely for a Just Cause
鉴古知今/jiàngǔ-zhījīn/Review the Past to Understand the Present
江山/jiāngshān/Rivers and Mountains / Country or State Power
讲信修睦/jiǎngxìn-xiūmù/Keep Good Faith and Pursue Harmony
教化/jiàohuà/Shaping the Mind Through Education
教学相长/jiàoxué-xiāngzhǎng/Teaching and Learning Promote Each Other.
节气/jiéqì/The Twenty-four Solar Terms
尽忠报国/jìnzhōng-bàoguó/Be as Loyal as One Can Be and Serve One’s Own Country
京(京师)/jīnɡ(jīnɡshī)/Capital of a Country
经济/jīnɡjì/Govern and Help the People / Economy
经世致用/jīnɡshì-zhìyònɡ/Study of Ancient Classics Should Meet Present Needs.
敬业乐群/jìngyè-lèqún/Work Diligently and Keep Good Company with Others
九州/jiǔzhōu/Nine Zhou (Regions)
居安思危/jū’ān-sīwēi/Be on Alert Against Potential Danger When Living in Peace
举贤容众/jǔxián-róngzhòng/Recommend People of Virtue and Be Magnanimous Toward the Masses
君/jūn/Lord / Nobility / Monarch
君者善群/jūnzhě-shànqún/A Ruler Should Keep People Together.
君子不器/jūnzǐ-bùqì/A Gentleman Is Not an Implement.
君子固穷/jūnzǐ-gùqióng/A Man of Virtue Maintains His Ideals Even in Frustrations.
君子谋道不谋食/jūnzǐ móu dào bù móu shí/A Man of Virtue Seeks Dao, Not Livelihood.
君子义以为质/jūnzǐ yì yǐ wéi zhì/Righteousness Is Essential for a Person of Virtue.
君子之交/jūnzǐzhījiāo/Relations between Men of Virtue
郡县/jùnxiàn/Prefectures and Counties
开物成务/kāiwù-chénɡwù/Understand Things and Succeed in One’s Endeavors
苛政猛于虎/kēzhèng měng yú hǔ/Tyranny Is Fiercer than a Tiger.
科举/kējǔ/The Imperial Civil Examination System
乐生/lèshēng/To Delight in Life
礼尚往来/lǐshàngwǎnglái/Reciprocity as a Social Norm
理财正辞/lǐcái-zhèngcí/Manage Wealth Properly and Speak Correctly
利用厚生/lìyòng-hòushēng/Make Full Use of Resources to Enrich the People
良史/liángshǐ/Trustworthy Historian / Factual History
良医不能救无命/liángyī bù néng jiù wúmìng/Even a Good Doctor Cannot Save a Doomed Patient.
量出制入/liànɡchū-zhìrù/Spend-and-Tax / Expenditure Should Be Carefully Calculated Before Making a Plan to Gather Revenue.
六经皆史/liùjīng jiē shǐ/The Six Confucian Classics Are All About History.
六艺/liùyì/The Six Arts
龙/lóng/Dragon
伦理/lúnlǐ/Ethics
满招损,谦受益/mǎn zhāo sǔn, qiān shòu yì/Complacency Leads to Failure; Modesty to Success.
蒙以养正/méngyǐyǎngzhèng/Enlighten the Ignorant and Make Them Follow the Right Path
靡不有初,鲜克有终/mǐ bù yǒu chū, xiǎn kè yǒu zhōng/All Things Have a Beginning, but Few Can Reach the End.
庙号/miàohào/Temple Titles of Emperors
民胞物与/mínbāo-wùyǔ/All People Are My Brothers and Sisters, and All Things Are My Companions.
民惟邦本/mínwéibāngběn/People Are the Foundation of the State.
民无信不立/mín wú xìn bù lì/Without People’s Trust the State Will Not Survive.
民心/mínxīn/Will of the People
民心惟本/mínxīn-wéiběn/The People’s Will Is the Foundation of the State.
民以食为天/mín yǐ shí wéi tiān/Food Is of Primary Importance to the People.
民勇者战胜/mín yǒng zhě zhàn shèng/A Country with Brave People Can Win the Victory.
民主/mínzhǔ/Lord of the People / Democracy
睦内图外/mùnèi-túwài/Unity Within and Expansion Without
能自得师者王/néng zì dé shī zhě wàng/Eagerness to Learn Enables One to Excel Oneself.
年/nián/Lunar Year / Year
年号/niánhào/Reign Title
鸟尽弓藏/niǎojìn-gōngcáng/When the Birds Are Gone, the Bow Is Stored.
否极泰来/pǐjí-tàilái/When Worse Comes to the Worst, Things Will Turn for the Better.
平等/píngděng/Equality
平准/píngzhǔn/Maintain Prices at an Appropriate Level
千里之堤,溃于蚁穴/qiānlǐzhīdī, kuìyúyǐxué/A Dam of a Thousand Miles Can Collapse Due to an Ant Hole.
千里之行,始于足下/qiānlǐzhīxíng, shǐyúzúxià/A Journey of a Thousand Li Begins with the First Step.
前事不忘,后事之师/qiánshì-bùwàng, hòushìzhīshī/Past Experience, If Not Forgotten, Is a Guide for the Future.
清明/qīngmíng/The Qingming Festival
穷理尽性/qiónglǐ-jìnxìng/Explore the Nature of All Things
求同存异/qiútóng-cúnyì/Seek Common Ground While Setting Aside Differences
人/rén/Human Being / Humanity
人道/réndào/Way of Man
人命关天/rénmìng-guāntiān/Life Is as Important as Heaven.
人文/rénwén/Renwen (Human Culture)
人文化成/rénwén-huàchéng/Edify the Populace to Achieve a Harmonious Society
人怨伤国/rényuàn-shāngguó/People’s Grievances Harm the Country.
人治/rénzhì/Rule by Man
仁民爱物/rénmín-àiwù/Have Love for the People, and Cherish All Things
仁者爱人/rénzhě-àirén/A Benevolent Person Loves Others.
仁者无敌/rénzhě-wúdí/The Benevolent Person Is Invincible.
仁者自爱/rénzhě-zì’ài/A Benevolent Person Cherishes Himself.
仁政/rénzhèng/Benevolent Governance
日新/rìxīn/Constant Renewal
三不朽/sānbùxiǔ/Set Moral Examples, Perform Great Deeds, and Spread Noble Ideas
善败者不亡/shàn bài zhě bù wáng/Those Adept at Coping with Defeat Cannot Be Destroyed.
善为国者不欺其民/shàn wéi guó zhě bù qī qí mín/A Good Ruler Does Not Cheat the People.
赏善罚恶/shǎngshàn-fá’è/Reward Good and Punish Evil
赏信罚必/shǎngxìn-fábì/Confer Honors and Mete Out Punishment to Those Who Deserve Them
上帝/shànɡdì/Supreme Ruler / Ruler of Heaven
上工治未病/shànggōng zhì wèibìng/Great Physicians Treat Before the Outbreak of an Illness.
上善若水/shànɡshàn-ruòshuǐ/Great Virtue Is Like Water.
上下同欲者胜/shàngxià tóng yù zhě shèng/Triumph Comes When Leaders and Followers Share the Same Goal.
上医医国/shàngyī-yīguó/Great Healers Heal the Country.
舍生取义/shěshēng-qǔyì/Give One’s Life to Uphold Righteousness
社稷/shèjì/Gods of the Earth and the Five Grains / State / State Power
身教/shēnjiào/Teach by Example
慎思明辨/shènsī-míngbiàn/Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
慎终如始/shènzhōng-rúshǐ/Be as Discreet at the End as at the Beginning; Remain Discreet Throughout the Whole Process
生肖/shēngxiào/The Chinese Zodiac / Animal of the Year
师出有名/shīchū-yǒumínɡ/Fighting a War with a Moral Justification
师直为壮/shīzhí-wéizhuànɡ/Troops Will Be Powerful When Fighting a Just Cause.
十年树木,百年树人/shínián-shùmù, bǎinián-shùrén/It Takes Ten Years to Grow Trees and a Hundred Years to Nurture Talents.
实事求是/shíshì-qiúshì/Seek Truth from Facts
史/shǐ/History
史才三长/shǐcái-sāncháng/Three Strengths of a Good Historian
世外桃源/shìwài-táoyuán/Land of Peach Blossoms / Land of Idyllic Beauty
事势之流,相激使然/shìshì zhī liú, xiāng jī shǐ rán/The Flow of Events Is Caused by Interactions.
视人如己/shìrén-rújǐ/Treat Others the Way You Treat Yourself
恃德者昌,恃力者亡/shìdézhěchāng, shìlìzhěwáng/Those Who Rely on Virtue Will Thrive; Those Who Rely on Force Will Perish.
谥号/shìhào/Posthumous Title
授人以渔/shòurényǐyú/Teaching How to Fish
书院/shūyuàn/Classical Academy
水至清则无鱼/shuǐ zhì qīng zé wú yú/No Fish Survive If Water Is Too Clear.
顺天应人/shùntiān-yìngrén/Follow the Mandate of Heaven and Comply with the Wishes of the People
顺无不行,果无不彻/shùn wú bù xíng, guǒ wú bù chè/When What You Say Is Justified, There Is Nothing You Cannot Accomplish. When You Act Decisively, You Will Succeed.
斯文/sīwén/Be Cultured and Refined
四海/sìhǎi/Four Seas
四海之内皆兄弟/sìhǎi zhī nèi jiē xiōnɡdì/All the People Within the Four Seas Are Brothers.
岁寒三友/suìhán-sānyǒu/Three Friends of Winter / Steadfast, Loyal Friends
他山之石,可以攻玉/tāshānzhīshí, kěyǐ-gōngyù/Use Stones from Another Mountain to Polish One’s Jade
太学/tàixué/Imperial Academy
韬光养晦/tāoguāng-yǎnghuì/Keep a Low Profile
天时地利人和/tiānshí dìlì rénhé/Opportune Time, Geographic Advantage, and Unity of the People
天下/tiānxià/Tianxia (All Under Heaven)
天下乃天下之天下/tiānxià nǎi tiānxià zhī tiānxià/All Under Heaven Belongs to the People.
天下为公/tiānxià-wéigōng/The World Belongs to All.
天下兴亡,匹夫有责/tiānxià-xīngwáng, pǐfū-yǒuzé/The Rise and Fall of All Under Heaven Is the Responsibility of Every Individual.
天子/tiānzǐ/Son of Heaven
同胞/tóngbāo/Brothers and Sisters of the Same Parents; Compatriots
投桃报李/tóutáo-bàolǐ/Return Kindness with Kindness / Return Goodwill in Kind
推己及人/tuījǐ-jírén/Put Oneself in Another’s Place
王/wáng/King
王道/wángdào/Kingly Way (Benevolent Governance)
王者富民/wángzhě-fùmín/A Ruler Should Enrich People.
韦编三绝/wéibiān-sānjué/Leather Thongs Binding Wooden Strips Break Three Times.
为学日益,为道日损/wéi xué rì yì, wéi dào rì sǔn/Pursue Knowledge by Adding; Pursue Dao by Subtracting
为政以德/wéizhèng-yǐdé/Governance Based on Virtue
温故知新/wēngù-zhīxīn/Review the Old and Learn the New
文明/wénmíng/Wenming (Civilization)
无为而治/wúwéi’érzhì/Rule Through Non-action
无欲则刚/wúyù-zégāng/People with No Covetous Desires Stand Upright.
吴越同舟/Wú-Yuè-tónɡzhōu/People of Wu and Yue Are in the Same Boat.
五德终始/wǔdé-zhōngshǐ/The Cycle of Five Elements
五伦/wǔlún/The Five Bonds
徙木立信/xǐmù-lìxìn/Establish One’s Credibility by Rewarding People for Moving a Log
小康/xiǎokāng/Modest Prosperity
协和万邦/xiéhé-wànbāng/Coexistence of All in Harmony
心同理同/xīntóng-lǐtóng/People of Similar Natures and Emotions Will Have Similar Understanding.
信以传信,疑以传疑/xìn yǐ chuán xìn, yí yǐ chuán yí/Pass Down both What Is Credible and What Is Unverifiable
兴利除害/xīnglì-chúhài/Promote the Beneficial; Eliminate the Harmful
刑期于无刑/xíng qī yú wú xíng/The Purpose of Punishment Is to Eliminate Punishment.
杏林/xìnglín/Apricot Trees / Venerable Doctors with Good Skills
兄弟阋于墙,外御其侮/xiōngdì xì yú qiáng, wài yù qí wǔ/Brothers Quarrel Within the Walls of the Home; Outside They Resist Bullying by Others.
修辞立诚/xiūcí-lìchéng/Establish Credibility Through Careful Choice of Words
修己安人/xiūjǐ-ānrén/Cultivate Oneself to Benefit Others
修齐治平/xiū-qí-zhì-píng/Self-cultivation, Family Regulation, State Governance,Bringing Peace to All Under Heaven
悬壶济世/xuánhú-jìshì/Hang a Gourd (Practice Medicine) to Help the World
悬梁刺股/xuánliáng-cìgǔ/Tie One’s Hair on the House Beam and Jab One’s Side with an Awl to Keep Oneself from Falling Asleep while Studying
选举/xuǎnjǔ/Select and Recommend
言必信,行必果/yán bì xìn, xíng bì guǒ/Promises Must Be Kept; Actions Must Be Resolute.
言有物,行有恒/yán yǒu wù, xíng yǒu héng/Talk Substance; Act with Perseverance
言者无罪,闻者足戒/yánzhě-wúzuì, wénzhě-zújiè/Those Who Speak Shouldn’t Be Punished While Those Who Listen Should Take Warning.
炎黄/Yán-Huáng/The Fiery Emperor and the Yellow Emperor / Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang
养民/yǎnɡmín/Nurture the People
野无遗贤/yěwúyíxián/No Sagacious Person Ignored
叶落归根/yèluò-guīgēn/Leaves Fall Returning to the Roots.
医者仁心/yīzhě-rénxīn/The Caring Heart of a Physician
以国为国,以天下为天下/yǐ guó wéi guó, yǐ tiānxià wéi tiānxià/Rule a State or a Country with different Methods
以武为植,以文为种/yǐ wǔ wéi zhí, yǐ wén wéi zhǒng/Military Action Is like Planting; Good Rule Is like the Seed.
以刑去刑/yǐxíng-qùxíng/Abolish Punishment with Punishment
以义制事/yǐyì-zhìshì/Handle Matters According to Morality and Justice
以战止战/yǐzhàn-zhǐzhàn/Use War to Stop War
义以生利,利以丰民/yì yǐ shēng lì, lì yǐ fēng mín/Justice Brings Wealth, and Wealth Enriches People.
因材施教/yīncái-shījiào/Audience-based Education
因革/yīngé/Inheritance and Innovation
饮水思源/yǐnshuǐ-sīyuán/When Drinking Water, One Must Not Forget Its Source.
勇于不敢/yǒngyú-bùgǎn/Courage Lies in Not Venturing into Action.
有病不治,常得中医/yǒu bìng bù zhì, cháng dé zhōng yī/Self-treating an Illness Can Usually Get a Good Result.
有教无类/yǒujiào-wúlèi/Education for All Without Discrimination
有容乃大/yǒuróng-nǎidà/A Broad Mind Achieves Greatness.
愚公移山/yúgōng-yíshān/The Foolish Old Man Who Moved the Mountains
与民更始/yǔmín-gēngshǐ/Make a Fresh Start with the People
与时消息/yǔshí-xiāoxī/Things Grow or Wither with Time.
欲强兵者,务富其民/yù qiáng bīng zhě, wù fù qí mín/A Strong Army Depends on a Prosperous Populace.
允执厥中/yǔnzhí-juézhōng/Hold Fast the Golden Mean
载舟覆舟/zàizhōu-fùzhōu/Carry or Overturn the Boat / Make or Break
凿壁借光/záobì-jièguāng/Borrow Light from a Next Door Neighbor
战法必本于政胜/zhàn fǎ bì běn yú zhèng shèng/Methods of Warfare Must Be Based on the Success of Politics.
正义/zhèngyì/Correct Meaning / Justice
政贵有恒/zhèngguìyǒuhéng/Stability Is the Key to Governance.
政通人和/zhèngtōng-rénhé/Good Governance and Harmonious People
政者正也/zhèngzhě-zhèngyě/Governance Means Rectitude.
政治/zhènɡzhì/Decree and Governance / Politics
知常达变/zhīcháng-dábiàn/Master Both Permanence and Change
知耻而后勇/zhī chǐ ér hòu yǒng/Having a Feeling of Shame Gives Rise to Courage.
止戈为武/zhǐɡēwéiwǔ/Stopping War Is a True Craft of War.
制国有常,利民为本/zhì guó yǒu cháng, lì mín wéi běn/Governance Should Deliver Benefits to the People.
制民之产/zhìmínzhīchǎn/Sustaining the People’s Livelihood
治大国若烹小鲜/zhì dà guó ruò pēng xiǎo xiān/Governing a Big Country Is Like Cooking Small Fish.
治内裁外/zhìnèi-cáiwài/Handling Internal affairs Takes Precedence over External affairs.
智圆行方/zhìyuán-xíngfāng/Be Wise in Thinking and Act Properly
中国/zhōngguó/Zhongguo (China)
中华/zhōnghuá/Zhonghua
众志成城/zhòngzhì-chéngchéng/Unity Is Strength.
自强不息/zìqiánɡ-bùxī/Strive Continuously to Strengthen Oneself
自由/zìyóu/Acting Freely / Freedom
宗法/zōngfǎ/Feudal Clan System
宗教/zōngjiào/Buddhist Teachings / Religious Sect
宗庙/zōngmiào/Ancestral Temple
尊生/zūnshēng/Respect Life
尊师重道/zūnshī-zhòngdào/Honor Teachers and Respect Rules
附录Appendices
中华思想文化术语:哲学卷(中英对照)
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队Scholars Participating in the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”秘书处Secretariat of the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
Foreword
Publisher’s Note
安贫乐道 /ānpín-lèdào/Be Content with a Simple but Virtuous Life
八卦 /bāɡuà/Eight Trigrams
八音克谐 /bāyīn-kèxié/Harmonious Combination of Eight Sounds
白马非马 /báimǎ fēi mǎ/A White Horse Is Not a Horse.
保民 /bǎomín/Protect the People
抱法处势 /bàofǎ-chǔshì/Upholding Law by Means of Power
本末 /běnmò/Ben and Mo (The Fundamental and the Incidental)
本无 /běnwú/Benwu (Original Non-being)
变化 /biànhuà/Change
别名 /biémíng/Distinct Name
般若 /bōrě/Prajna / Wisdom
博施济众 /bóshī-jìzhòng/Deliver Extensive Benefits to the People and Relieve the Sufering of the Poor
不二 /bù’èr/Advaya / Non-duality
不言之教 /bùyánzhījiào/Influence Others Without Preaching
不真空 /bùzhēnkōng/Emptiness as Non-substantiality
才 /cái/Talent / Capability / Attribute
参验 /cānyàn/Cross-checking and Verification
常 /cháng/Constant Laws of Nature
称情立文 /chēngqíng-lìwén/Establish Moral Standards in Keeping with Human Feelings
成人 /chéngrén/Complete Man
诚 /chéng/Sincerity
诚意 /chénɡyì/Be Sincere in Thought
痴 /chī/Obsessiveness / Ignorance / Perplexity
耻 /chǐ/Shame
崇本举末 /chóngběn-jǔmò/Revere the Fundamental and Keep the Specific Unchanged
崇本息末 /chóngběn-xīmò/Revere the Fundamental and Dismiss the Specific
慈 /cí/Kindness
达名 /dámíng/Unrestricted Name
大节 /dàjié/Major Principles
大体 /小体/dàtǐ / xiǎotǐ/The Major Organ and the Minor Organs
大学 /dàxué/Daxue (Great Learning)
大一统 /dàyītóng/Great Unity
大丈夫 /dàzhàngfu/Great Man
道 /dào/Dao (Way)
道法自然 /dàofǎzìrán/Dao Operates Naturally.
道问学 /dào wènxué/Quest for Knowledge
道心 /dàoxīn/Moral Mind / Moral Consciousness
德 /dé/De (Virtue)
德性 /déxìng/Virtuous Nature / Morals as Human Nature
德性之知 /déxìnɡzhīzhī/Knowledge from One’s Moral Nature
地理 /dìlǐ/The Laws Determining the Physical Features of the Land /Geography
动静 /dònɡjìnɡ/Movement and Stillness
独化 /dúhuà/Self-driven Development
兑 /duì/Dui (Marsh)
二柄 /èrbǐng/Two Handles
二谛 /èrdì/Satyadvaya / Two Truths
法 /fǎ/Law / Dharma
法身 /fǎshēn/Dharmakāya / Body of Dharma
烦恼 /fánnǎo/Kleśa / Affliction
反 /fǎn/Reversal to the Opposite
反求诸己 /fǎnqiúzhūjǐ/Introspection
反者道之动 /fǎn zhě dào zhī dòng/The Only Motion Is Returning.
方便 /fāngbiàn/Upāya / Expediency
非攻 /fēiɡōnɡ/Denouncing Unjust Wars
非命 /fēimìng/Rejection of Fatalism
分 /fèn/Natural Attribute
风化 /fēnghuà/Influence of Moral Cultivation
佛性 /fóxìng/Buddhadhātu / Buddha-nature
福祸相倚 /fúhuò-xiāngyǐ/Fortune and Misfortune Are Intertwined.
刚柔 /ɡānɡróu/Toughness and Softness
刚柔相济 /gāngróu-xiāngjì/Combine Toughness with Softness
刚毅 /gāngyì/Firm and Resolute
革故鼎新 /ɡéɡù-dǐnɡxīn/Do Away with the Old and Set Up the New
格物致知 /ɡéwù-zhìzhī/Study Things to Acquire Knowledge
格义 /géyì/Matching Meanings
艮 /gèn/Gen (Mountain)
公私 /gōngsī/Public and Private
共名 /gòngmíng/General Name
寡欲 /ɡuǎyù/Restraining Desires
卦爻 /ɡuàyáo/Trigrams / Hexagrams and Component Lines
卦爻辞 /guàyáocí/Hexagram Texts
冠礼 /guànlǐ/Cap Wearing Ceremony
光而不耀 /ɡuānɡ’érbùyào/Bright but Not Dazzling
过犹不及 /ɡuòyóubùjí/Going Too Far Is as Bad as Falling Short.
浩然之气 /hàoránzhīqì/Noble Spirit
合同异 /hé tóngyì/Unify Similarity and Difference
和 /hé/Harmony
和而不同 /hé’érbùtónɡ/Harmony but Not Uniformity
和实生物 /hé shí shēng wù/Harmony Begets New Things.
洪范 /hóngfàn/The Grand Rules
化性起伪 /huàxìnɡ-qǐwěi/Transform Intrinsic Evil Nature to Develop Acquired Nature of Goodness
恍惚 /huǎnghū/Intangible Existence
婚礼 /hūnlǐ/Wedding Ceremony
浑沌 /hùndùn/Chaos
几 /jī/Ji(Omen)
积善成德 /jīshàn-chénɡdé/Moral Character Can Be Built by Accumulating Goodness.
己所不欲,勿施于人 /jǐsuǒbùyù, wùshīyúrěn/Do Not Do to Others What You Do Not Want Others to Do to You.
祭礼 /jìlǐ/Sacrificial Ceremony
假名 /jiǎmíng/Prajñapti / Designation
兼爱 /jiān’ài/Universal Love
俭 /jiǎn/Thriftiness
见利思义 /jiànlì-sīyì/Think of Righteousness in the Face of Gain
见闻之知 /jiànwénzhīzhī/Knowledge from One’s Senses
解蔽 /jiěbì/Clear the Mind of Enigmas
尽心 /jìnxīn/Exert One’s Heart / Mind to the Utmost
经 /权/jīnɡ / quán/Constant and Temporary
经学 /jīngxué/Classics Scholarship
精气 /jīngqì/Vital Energy
净土 /jìngtǔ/Sukhāvatīvyūha / Pure Land
静因之道 /jìngyīnzhīdào/Governance by Being Aloof
绝地天通 /jué dì tiān tōng/Keep Earthly and Heavenly Affairs Separate
君子 /jūnzǐ/Junzi (Man of Virtue)
坎 /kǎn/Kan (The Water Symbol)
克己复礼 /kèjǐ-fùlǐ/Restrain Yourself and Follow Social Norms
空 /kōng/Śūnyatā / Emptiness
孔颜之乐 /Kǒnɡ-Yán zhī lè/The Happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui
苦 /kǔ/Duhkha / Sufering
狂狷 /kuángjuàn/Proactive Versus Prudent
坤 /kūn/Kun (The Earth Symbol)
乐天知命 /lètiān-zhīmìng/Rejoice in Complying with Heaven and Know Its Mandate
类名 /lèimíng/Classified Name
离 /lí/Li (The Fire Symbol)
离坚白 /lí jiānbái/Separate Hardness from Whiteness
礼 /lǐ/Li (Rites / Social Norms / Propriety)
理 /lǐ/Li
理一分殊 /lǐyī-fēnshū/There Is But One Li (Universal Principle), Which Exists in Diverse Forms.
力 /lì/Strength / Capability
立中制节 /lìzhōng-zhìjié/Determine the Proper Way for Expressing Human Feelings
利 /lì/Interests / Gain
良知 /liángzhī/Liangzhi (Conscience)
两仪 /liǎngyí/Two Modes
临渊履薄 /línyuān-lǚbó/Be Discreet as if Standing on Cliff Edge or Treading on Thin Ice
六艺 /liùyì/The Six Arts
伦理 /lúnlǐ/Ethics
轮回 /lúnhuí/Saṃsāra / Rebirth / Reincarnation
矛盾 /máodùn/Paradox of the Spear and the Shield / Contradiction
庙算 /miàosuàn/Court Calculation
名实 /mínɡshí/Name and Substance
明德 /mínɡdé/Illustrious Virtue
明分使群 /mínɡfèn-shǐqún/Proper Ranking Leads to Collaboration.
命 /mìnɡ/Mandate / Destiny
木讷 /mùnè/Simple and Sparing of Words
念佛 /niànfó/Buddhānusmṛti / Recollection of the Buddha
涅槃 /nièpán/Nirvana
判教 /pànjiào/Classification of Teachings
聘礼 /pìnlǐ/Pinli (Diplomatic Etiquette and Protocol)
菩提 /pútí/Bodhi
齐物 /qíwù/See Things as Equal
奇正 /qízhèng/Qi or Zheng (Surprise or Normal)
气 /qì/Qi (Vital Force)
气质之性 /qìzhìzhīxìng/Character Endowed by Qi (Vital Force)
器 /qì/Qi (Vessel)
前识 /qiánshí/Foreknowledge / Prophecy
乾 /qián/Qian
亲亲 /qīnqīn/Affection for One’s Kin
亲知 /qīnzhī/Knowledge from Personal Experience
情 /qíng/Qing
穷理尽性 /qiónglǐ-jìnxìng/Explore the Nature of All Things
穷则变,变则通,通则久 /qióng zé biàn, biàn zé tōng, tōng zé jiǔ/Extreme – Change – Continuity
求放心 /qiú fànɡxīn/Search for the Lost Heart
人副天数 /rénfùtiānshù/Humanity Should Be Aligned with Nature.
人伦 /rénlún/Human Relations
人心 /rénxīn/Human Heart / Human Desires
仁 /rén/Ren (Benevolence)
仁政 /rénzhèng/Benevolent Governance
如来藏 /rúláizàng/Tathāgatagarbha / Womb of the Tathāgata
三表 /sānbiǎo/Three Standards
三才 /sāncái/Three Elements
三界 /sānjiè/Traidhātuka / Three Realms of Existence
三思而行 /sānsī’érxínɡ/Think Carefully Before Taking Action
三省吾身 /sānxǐng-wúshēn/Reflect on Oneself Several Times a Day
三玄 /sānxuán/Three Metaphysical Classics
丧礼 /sānglǐ/Mourning Rites
色 /sè/Rūpa / Matter
上兵伐谋 /shàngbīng-fámóu/The Best Strategy in Warfare is to Foil the Enemy’s Strategy.
尚同 /shàngtóng/Conform Upwardly
尚贤 /shàngxiǎn/Exalt the Worthy
舍生取义 /shěshēng-qǔyì/Give One’s Life to Uphold Righteousness
射礼 /shèlǐ/Rites of Archery
神 /shén/Shen (Spirit / Spiritual)
慎独 /shèndú/Shendu
慎思明辨 /shènsī-míngbiàn/Careful Reflection and Clear Discrimination
慎终追远 /shènzhōng-zhuīyuǎn/Mourn the Deceased and Memorialize Those Long Gone
生生 /shēngshēng/Perpetual Growth and Change
圣 /shèng/Sage / Sageness
圣人 /shèngrén/Sage
师法之化 /shīfǎzhīhuà/Enlightenment Through Education
时 /shí/Time / Timing
时中 /shízhōng/Follow the Golden Mean
识 /shí/Vijñāna / Consciousness
实相 /shíxiàng/Bhūtatathatā / True Suchness
世异事异 /shìyì-shìyì/When Times Change, So Do Social Conditions.
势 /shì/Situation / Trend
恕 /shù/Being Considerate / Forgiveness
率性 /shuàixìng/Acting in Accordance with Human Nature
说知 /shuōzhī/Knowledge from Explanation
私名 /sīmíng/Private Name
思 /sī/Reflecting / Thinking
四端 /sìduān/Four Initiators
四书 /sìshū/Four Books
素位而行 /sùwèi’érxínɡ/Do What Is Proper for Your Situation
太极 /tàijí/Taiji (The Supreme Ultimate)
太虚 /tàixū/Taixu (Great Void)
体用 /tǐyòng/Ti and Yong
悌 /tì/Fraternal Duty
天 /tiān/Tian (Heaven)
天道 /tiāndào/Way of Heaven
天经地义 /tiānjīng-dìyì/Natural Rules and Orderliness
天籁 /tiānlài/Sounds of Nature
天理 /tiānlǐ/Natural Law / Principles of Heaven
天命 /tiānmìnɡ/Mandate of Heaven
天命靡常 /tiānmìng-mǐcháng/Heaven-bestowed Supreme Power Is Not Eternal.
天命之性 /tiānmìngzhīxìng/Character Endowed by Heaven
天人感应 /tiānrén-gǎnyìng/Nature and Humans Respond to Each Other.
天人合一 /tiānrén-héyī/Heaven and Man Are United as One.
天人之分 /tiānrénzhīfēn/Distinction Between Man and Heaven
天文 /tiānwén/The Laws of Constellations and Seasons / Astronomy
同归殊途 /tónɡɡuī-shūtú/Arrive at the Same Destination via Different Routes / Rely on a Common Ontological Entity
推恩 /tuī’ēn/Extend Benevolence and Love
推己及人 /tuījǐ-jírén/Put Oneself in Another’s Place
为仁由己 /wéirén-yóujǐ/Readily Practice Benevolence and Virtue
为己之学 /wèijǐzhīxué/Learning for Self-improvement
文质 /wénzhì/Form and Content
闻知 /wénzhī/Knowledge from Hearsay
无常 /wúcháng/Anitya / Impermanent
无为 /wúwéi/Non-action
无我 /wúwǒ/Anātman / Egolessness
无用之用 /wúyònɡzhīyònɡ/The Advantage of Appearing Useless
五经 /wǔjīnɡ/Five Classics
五伦 /wǔlún/The Five Bonds
五行 /wǔxíng/Wuxing
五行相生 /wǔxíng-xiāngshēng/The Five Elements, Each in Turn Producing the Next
五行相胜 /wǔxíng-xiāngshèng/The Five Elements Triumph over Each Other.
物 /wù/Wu (Thing / Matter)
物化 /wùhuà/Transformation of Things
物极必反 /wùjí-bìfǎn/When Reaching an Extreme, Things Are Bound to Revert to Their Opposites.
习 /xí/Practice
贤人 /xiánrén/Person of Integrity
见素抱朴 /xiànsù-bàopǔ/Maintain Originality and Embrace Simplicity
乡饮酒礼 /xiāngyǐnjiǔlǐ/Banquet for Community Leaders and Rural Elders
乡愿 /xiāngyuàn/Hypocrite
相反相成 /xiānɡfǎn-xiānɡchénɡ/Being both Opposite and Complementary
象 /xiànɡ/Xiang (Semblance)
象数 /xiànɡshù/Emblems and Numbers
逍遥 /xiāoyáo/Carefree
消息 /xiāoxī/Wax and Wane
小节 /xiǎojié/Minor Principles
小人 /xiǎorén/Petty Man
孝 /xiào/Filial Piety
絜矩之道 /xiéjǔzhīdào/Principle for the Application of Rules and Norms
心 /xīn/Heart / Mind
心术 /xīnshù/The Art of the Mind
心悦诚服 /xīnyuè-chénɡfú/Be Completely Convinced and Follow Willingly
心斋 /xīnzhāi/Pure State of the Mind
心知 /xīnzhī/Mind Cognition
信 /xìn/Good Faith
行己有耻 /xíngjǐ-yóuchǐ/Conduct Oneself with a Sense of Shame
行先知后 /xínɡxiān-zhīhòu/First Action, Then Knowledge
形而上 /xínɡ’érshànɡ/What Is Above Form / The Metaphysical
形而下 /xínɡ’érxià/What Is Under Form / The Physical
形具神生 /xínɡjù-shénshēnɡ/Physical Form Gives Birth to Spirit.
形名 /xíngmíng/Form and Name
性 /xìng/Xing (Nature)
性恶 /xìng’è/Human Nature Is Evil.
性分 /xìnɡfèn/Natural Attribute
性三品 /xìngsānpǐn/Human Nature Has Three Levels.
性善 /xìngshàn/Human Nature Is Good.
性善恶混 /xìng shàn-è hùn/Human Nature Is a Mixture of Good and Evil.
性无善无恶 /xìng wú shàn wú è/Human Nature Is Neither Good Nor Evil.
修德振兵 /xiūdé-zhènbīng/Cultivate Virtue and Strengthen the Army
虚 /xū/Xu (Void)
虚己以游世 /xū jǐ yǐ yóu shì/Free One’s Mind to Enjoy the World
虚壹而静 /xūyī’érjìnɡ/Open-mindedness, Concentration, and Tranquility
玄 /xuán/Xuan (Mystery)
玄德 /xuándé/Inconspicuous Virtue
学 /xué/Learn
血气 /xuèqì/Vitality / Vital Force
循名责实 /xúnmínɡ-zéshí/Hold Actualities According to Its Name
巽 /xùn/Xun (Wind)
言不尽意 /yánbùjìnyì/Words Cannot Fully Express Thought.
言尽意 /yánjìnyì/Words Can Fully Express Thought.
业 /yè/Karma
一 /yī/The One
一阐提 /yīchǎntí/Icchantika
一物两体 /yīwù-liǎnɡtǐ/One Thing in Two Fundamental States
一言兴邦 /yīyán-xīngbāng/A Single Remark Makes a Country Prosper.
一以贯之 /yīyǐguànzhī/Observe a Fundamental Principle Throughout One’s Pursuit
移风易俗 /yífēng-yìsú/Change Social Practices and Customs
以无为本 /yǐ wú wéi běn/Wu Is the Origin.
以直报怨 /yǐzhí-bàoyuàn/Repay a Grudge with Rectitude
义 /yì/Righteousness
易简 /yìjiǎn/Ease and Simplicity
阴阳 /yīnyáng/Yin and Yang
隐士 /yǐnshì/Hermit / Recluse
勇 /yǒnɡ/Courage
游 /yóu/Unattached
有无 /yǒuwú/You and Wu
与时消息 /yǔshí-xiāoxī/Things Grow or Wither with Time.
与时偕行 /yǔshí-xiéxínɡ/Go with the Times
宇宙 /yǔzhòu/Universe / Cosmos
欲 /yù/Desire
元 /yuán/Yuan (Origin)
元亨利贞 /yuánhēng-lìzhēn, yuán-hēng-lì-zhēn/Yuanheng Lizhen
圆融 /yuánróng/Consummate Interfusion
缘督以为经 /yuán dū yǐ wéi jīng/Follow the Du Meridian as the Law
缘起 /yuánqǐ/Dependent Origination
约定俗成 /yuēdìng-súchéng/Established Through Popular Usage / Accepted Through Common Practice
乐 /yuè/Yue (Music)
则 /zé/Rules
震 /zhèn/Zhen (Vibration)
正名 /zhènɡmínɡ/Rectification of Names
正心 /zhènɡxīn/Rectify One’s Heart / Mind
知行 /zhīxínɡ/Knowledge and Application
知行合一 /zhīxínɡ-héyī/Unity of Knowledge and Action
知先行后 /zhīxiān-xínɡhòu/First Knowledge, Then Action
直 /zhí/Rectitude
制民之产 /zhìmínzhīchǎn/Sustaining the People’s Livelihood
智 /zhì/Intelligence
中道 /zhōngdào/The Middle Way
中和 /zhōnghé/Balanced Harmony
中庸 /zhōngyōng/Zhongyong (Golden Mean)
忠 /zhōnɡ/Loyalty
诸子百家 /zhūzǐ-bǎijiā/A Hundred Schools of Thought
诸子学 /zhūzǐxué/Study of A Hundred Schools of Thought
庄周梦蝶 /Zhuāng Zhōu mèng dié/Zhuangzi Dreaming of Becoming a Butterfly
自然 /zìrán/Naturalness
自生 /zìshēng/Spontaneous Generation
宗教 /zōngjiào/Buddhist Teachings / Religious Sect
尊德性 /zūn déxìng/Revere One’s Virtuous Nature
坐忘 /zuòwàng/Forget the Difference and Opposition Between Self and the Universe
附录Appendices
中华思想文化术语:文艺卷(中英对照)
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”专家团队Scholars Participating in the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
“中华思想文化术语传播工程”秘书处Secretariat of the Project “Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture: Communication Through Translation”
Foreword
Publisher’s Note
哀吊/āidiào/Essay of Mourning and Essay of Memory
哀景写乐/āijǐng-xiělè/Depict Sorrowful Scenery to Express Happiness
八音克谐/bāyīn-kèxié/Harmonious Combination of Eight Sounds
白描/báimiáo/Plain Line Drawing
百戏/bǎixì/Baixi (All Performing Arts)
悲慨/bēikǎi/Depressed and Enraged
北曲/běiqǔ/Northern Opera
本色/běnsè/Bense (Original Character)
比德/bǐdé/Virtue Comparison
边塞诗/biānsàishī/Frontier Poetry
辨体/biàntǐ/Style differentiation
标举兴会/biāojǔ-xìnghuì/Distinctiveness and Spontaneity
别材别趣/biécái-biéqù/Distinct Subject and Artistic Taste
别集/biéjí/Individual Collection
不黏不脱,不即不离/bù nián bù tuō, bù jí bù lí/Neither Obsessed with Nor Detached from the Objects Depicted
不平则鸣/bùpíngzémíng/Cry Out Against Injustice
不涉理路,不落言筌/bù shè lǐlù, bù luò yánquán/Dispense with Theory and Logic; Take Care Not to Fall into Traps of Language
不似之似/bùsìzhīsì/Dissimilar in Form but Similar in Spirit
不学《诗》,无以言/bù xué 《shī》, wú yǐ yán/You Won’t Be Able to Talk Properly with Others Without Studying The Book of Songs .
草书/cǎoshū/Cursive Script
常州词派/Chángzhōu cípài/The Changzhou School of Commentary on Ci Poetry
畅神/chàngshén/Free Flow of One’s Mind
沉郁/chényù/Melancholy
陈诗展义/chénshī-zhǎnyì/Write Poetry to Express Feeling and Aspiration
陈言务去/chényán-wùqù/The Necessity of Eliminating Banal Expression
程器/chéngqì/Assessment of One’s Overall Qualities
痴/chī/Obsessiveness / Ignorance / Perplexity
赤子之心/chìzǐzhīxīn/Utter Innocence
冲淡/chōngdàn/Quiet Elegance
虫书/chóngshū/Insect Script
丑/chǒu/Ugliness / Chou (Role of Clown in a Traditional Chinese Opera)
楚辞/chǔcí, 《Chǔcí》/Chuci (Ode of Chu)
传奇/chuánqí/Chuanqi (Legendary Story / Legendary Play)
传神写照/chuánshén-xiězhào/Convey the Spirit and Capture the Person
纯素/chúnsù/Pure and Unadorned
词/cí/Ci (Lyric)
词话/cíhuà/Criticism on Ci Poetry / Cihua (Story-telling with Song and Speech)
词曲/cíqǔ/Ci (Lyric) and Qu (Melody)
辞达/cídá/Expressiveness
辞尚体要/císhàngtǐyào/Succinctness Is Valued in Writing.
错彩镂金/cuòcǎi-lòujīn/Gilded and Colored
大巧若拙/dàqiǎo-ruòzhuō/Exquisite Skill Looks Simple and Clumsy.
大收煞/dàshōushā/The Grand Finale
大用/dàyòng/Maximal Functioning
大篆/dàzhuàn/Greater Seal Script / Big Seal Script
丹青/dānqīng/Painting in Colors
但见性情,不睹文字/dàn jiàn xìngqíng, bù dǔ wénzì/To Impress Readers with True Feelings Oblivious of Its Wording
淡泊/dànbó/Quiet Living with No Worldly Desire
当行/dāngháng/Professionalism
典雅/diǎnyǎ/Classical Elegance
点铁成金/diǎntiě-chéngjīn/Turning a Crude Poem or Essay into a Literary Gem
独抒性灵,不拘格套/dú shū xìnglíng, bù jū gétào/Bold Expression of One’s True Self
读万卷书,行万里路/dú wàn juàn shū, xíng wàn lǐ lù/Read Ten Thousand Books and Travel Ten Thousand Li
夺胎换骨/duótāi-huànɡǔ/Express the Ideas in Earlier Literary Works in a New Way
发愤著书/fāfèn-zhùshū/Indignation Spurs One to Write Great Works.
发乎情,止乎礼义/fā hū qíng, zhǐ hū lǐyì/Start with Feelings and Control with Propriety
发纤秾于简古,寄至味于淡泊/fā xiānnónɡ yú jiǎnɡǔ, jì zhìwèi yú dànbó/Intricacy Within Plainness, and Intensity Beneath Quietude
繁缛/fánrù/Overly Elaborative
方圆/fāngyuán/Squareness and Roundness
丰肉微骨/fēngròu-wēigǔ/Fleshy Body and Soft Bone Structure
丰腴/fēnɡyú/Plump Beauty
风骨/fēnggǔ/Fenggu
风教/fēngjiào/Moral Cultivation
风神/fēngshén/Vim and Vigor
风雅颂/fēng-yǎ-sòng/Ballad, Court Hymn, and Eulogy
封禅/fēngshàn/Sacrificial Ceremony / An Ode to Sacrificial Ceremony
讽咏/fěnɡyǒnɡ/Chanting with Feeling
讽谕/fěngyù/Subtle Admonition
芙蓉出水/fúróng-chūshuǐ/Lotus Rising Out of Water
赋比兴/fù-bǐ-xìng/Narrative, Analogy, and Association
感物/ɡǎnwù/Sensed Externalities
高古/gāogǔ/Unadorned Antiquity
歌/gē/Song
歌行体/gēxíngtǐ/Poetic Song
格/gé/Examine / Study
格调/gédiào/Form and Melody
隔/不隔/gé / bùgé/Disharmony / Harmony
公安派/Gōng’ān pài/The Gong’an School of Literary Writing
宫调/gōngdiào/Gongdiao (Musical Modes)
古文运动/ɡǔwén yùndònɡ/Classical Prose Movement
骨/肉/gǔ / ròu/Bones and Flesh / Literary Framework and Nuanced Expressions
含蓄/hánxù/Subtle Suggestion
涵泳/hányǒng/Be Totally Absorbed (in Reading and Learning)
汉乐府/hànyuèfǔ/Yuefu Poetry
豪放派/háofànɡpài/The Haofang School / The Bold and Unconstrained School
和/hé/Harmony
和出于适/hé chūyú shì/Harmony Comes from Appropriateness.
和谐/héxié/Harmony
化工/画工/huàɡōnɡ / huàɡōnɡ/Magically Natural, Overly Crafted
化境/huàjìng/Sublimity in Art
画道/huàdào/Dao of Painting
画龙点睛/huàlónɡ-diǎnjīnɡ/Add Pupils to the Eyes of a Painted Dragon / Render the Final Touch
幻中有真/huàn zhōng yǒu zhēn/Truth in Imagination
荒寒/huānghán/Grim and Desolate
会心/huìxīn/Heart-to-heart Communication
绘画六法/huìhuà liù fǎ/Six Rules of Painting
绘事后素/huì shì hòu sù/The White Silk First, the Painting Afterwards / Beauty from Natural Simplicity
活法/huófǎ/Literary Flexibility
肌理/jīlǐ/Reasoning and Structure
甲骨文/jiǎgǔwén/Inscriptions on Bones or Tortoise Shells
建安风骨/Jiàn’ān fēnɡɡǔ/The Jian’an Literary Style
江西诗派/Jiāngxī shīpài/The Jiangxi School of Poetry
结构/jiégòu/Structure
解衣盘礴/jiěyī-pánbó/Sitting with Clothes Unbuttoned and Legs Stretching Out
金文/jīnwén/Bronze Script
劲健/jìnɡjiàn/Strength and Vigor
竟陵派/Jìnglíng pài/The Jingling School of Literary Writing
境界/jìnɡjiè/Jingjie (Visionary World)
境生象外/jìnɡshēnɡxiànɡwài/Aesthetic Conception Transcends Concrete Objects Described.
楷书/kǎishū/Regular Script
空灵/kōnglíng/Ethereal effect
枯淡/kūdàn/Dry Plainness
苦吟/kǔyín/Painstaking Versification
夸饰/kuāshì/Exaggeration and Embellishment
旷达/kuàngdá/Broad-mindedness / Unconstrained Style
厉与西施,道通为一/lài yǔ Xīshī, dào tōng wéi yī/A Scabby Person and the Beautiful Lady Xishi Are the Same in the Eyes of Dao.
乐而不淫,哀而不伤/lè ér bù yín, āi ér bù shāng/Express Enjoyment Without Indulgence and Express Grief Without Excessive Distress
诔碑/lěibēi/Eulogy or Inscription Carved on a Stela
离形得似/líxínɡ-désì/Transcend the Outer Form to Capture the Essence
理趣/lǐqù/Philosophical Substance Through Artistic Appeal
立主脑/lì zhǔnǎo/Focus on What Is Central to a Drama
丽/lì/Enthralling Charm
丽辞/lìcí/Ornate Parallel Style
隶书/lìshū/Clerical Script / official Script
六观/liùɡuān/Six Criteria
六义/liùyì/The Six Basic Elements
乱世之音/luànshìzhīyīn/Music of an Age of Disorder
论说/lùnshuō/Writings of Argument and Persuasion
美刺/měicì/Extolment and Satirical Criticism
妙悟/miàowù/Subtle Insight
铭箴/míngzhēn/Epigraph and Maxim
目击道存/mùjī-dàocún/See the Way with One’s Own Eyes
南北书派/nán-běi shūpài/The Northern and Southern Schools of Calligraphy
南戏/nánxì/Southern Opera
内美/nèiměi/Inner Beauty
拟容取心/nǐróng-qǔxīn/Compare Appearances to Grasp the Essence
浓淡/nóngdàn/Denseness and Lightness
飘逸/piāoyì/Natural Grace
品题/pǐntí/Make Appraisals
奇正/qízhèng/Qi or Zheng (Surprise or Normal)
气骨/qìgǔ/Qigu (Emotional Vitality and Forcefulness)
气象/qìxiàng/Prevailing Features
气韵/qìyùn/Artistic Appeal
迁想妙得/qiānxiǎnɡ-miàodé/Inspirational Creation Based on Association in Thinking
巧拙/qiǎozhuō/Cleverness and Clumsiness
清词丽句/qīngcí-lìjù/Refreshing Words and Exquisite Expressions
情发于声/qínɡfāyúshēnɡ/Feelings Find Expression in Musical Poetry.
情兼雅怨/qínɡ jiān yǎyuàn/A Mixed Quality of Grace and Sorrow
情教/qínɡjiào/Moral Instruction Carried Out with Emotion
情景/qíngjǐng/Sentiment and Scenery
情以物迁,辞以情发/qíng yǐ wù qiān, cí yǐ qíng fā/Feeling Varies with Scenery and Verbal Expression Arises from Feeling.
屈宋/Qū-Sòng/The Qu-Song Duo
曲/qǔ/Qu (Melody)
取境/qǔjìnɡ/Qujing (Conceptualize an Aesthetic Feeling)
趣/qù/Qu
劝百风一/quànbǎi-fěngyī/Much Blandishment and Little Criticism
人文化成/rénwén-huàchéng/Edify the Populace to Achieve a Harmonious Society
仁者乐山,智者乐水/rénzhě-yàoshān, zhìzhě-yàoshuǐ/The Virtuous Love Mountains and the Wise Love Water.
镕裁/róngcái/Refining and Deleting
山水诗/shānshuǐshī/Landscape Poetry
神思/shénsī/Imaginative Contemplation
神与物游/shényǔwùyóu/Interaction Between the Mind and the Subject Matter
神韵/shényùn/Elegant Subtlety
审虚实/shěn xūshí/Balance Fiction and Reality
审音知政/shěnyīn-zhīzhèng/Assess Governance by Listening to Music
声律/shēnglǜ/Tonal and Rhythmical Patterns
声无哀乐/shēngwú’āilè/There Is No Such Thing as Joyful or Sad Music.
声一无听,物一无文/shēng yī wú tīng, wù yī wú wén/A Single Note Does Not Compose a Melodious Tune, Nor Does a Single Color Make a Beautiful Pattern.
盛唐之音/shènɡtánɡzhīyīn/Poetry of the Prime Tang Dynasty
诗/shī/Shi (Poetry)
诗话/shīhuà/Criticism on Poetry / Shihua (Story-telling with Song and Speech)
诗家三昧/shījiā sānmèi/The Key to Poetic Creation
诗界革命/shījiè ɡémìnɡ/The Revolution in the Circle of Poets
诗穷而后工/shī qióng ér hòu gōng/A Good Poem Is the Product of Pent-up Emotions.
诗史/shīshǐ/Historical Poetry
诗无达诂/shīwúdáɡǔ/Poetry Defies Fixed Interpretation.
诗言志/shī yán zhì/Poetry Expresses Aspirations.
诗缘情/shī yuán qíng/Poetry Springs from Emotions.
诗中有画,画中有诗/shī zhōnɡ yǒu huà, huà zhōnɡ yǒu shī/Painting in Poetry, Poetry in Painting
时序/shíxù/Change Along with Times
识书之道/shíshūzhīdào/The Way to Recognize Good Calligraphy
势/shì/Situation / Trend
瘦硬/shòuyìng/Thin and Strong
书道/shūdào/The Way of Calligraphy
书契/shūqì/Documents on Bamboo or Wooden Slips
书圣/shūshèng/The Sage of Calligraphy
书者,散也/shū zhě, sǎn yě/Calligraphy Expresses Inner Conditions.
疏密/shūmì/Sparsity and Density
水墨画/shuǐmòhuà/Ink Wash Painting
说话/shuōhuà/Tale Telling
思无邪/sīwúxié/No Depraved Thoughts
思与境偕/sīyǔjìnɡxié/Blend Sentiment with Scenery
宋杂剧/Sònɡ zájù/Poetic Drama of the Song Dynasty
颂赞/sòngzàn/Extolment and Commendation
随物赋形/suíwù-fùxínɡ/Writing That Flows like Water
太康体/Tàikānɡ tǐ/The Taikang Literary Style
体/tǐ/Ti
体性/tǐxìng/Style and Temperament
田园诗/tiányuánshī/Idyllic Poetry
同光体/Tónɡ-Guānɡ tǐ/The Tong-Guang School of Poetry
桐城派/Tónɡchénɡ pài/The Tongcheng School of Writing
脱窠臼/tuō kējiù/Avoid Stereotypes
外师造化,中得心源/wài shī zàohuà, zhōng dé xīnyuán/Draw Artistic Inspiration from Both Within and Without
婉约派/wǎnyuēpài/The Wanyue School / The Graceful and Restrained School
亡国之音/wánɡɡuózhīyīn/Music of a Failing State
温柔敦厚/wēnróu-dūnhòu/Mild, Gentle, Sincere, and Broad-minded
文笔/wénbǐ/Writing and Writing Technique
文界革命/wénjiè ɡémìnɡ/The Revolution in the Literati Circle
文气/wénqì/Wenqi
文人画/wénrénhuà/Literati Painting
文学/wénxué/Literature / Scholars / Education officials
文以意为主/wén yǐ yì wéi zhǔ/The Message Matters More than the Rhetoric.
文以载道/wényǐzàidào/Literature Is the Vehicle of Ideas.
文章/wénzhānɡ/Literary Writing
卧游/wòyóu/Enjoy Sceneries Without Physically Travelling
吴带当风/Wú dài dānɡ fēnɡ/The Sashes in Wu’s Painting Flutter as if in the Wind.
五音/wǔyīn/The Five Notes
物色/wùsè/Physical Features
西昆体/xīkūn tǐ/The Xikun Poetic Style
檄移/xíyí/Condemnation and Admonition
洗炼/xǐliàn/Make Writing Succinct
戏文/xìwén/Southern Opera / Operatic Script
萧散简远/xiāosǎn-jiǎnyuǎn/Natural, Leisurely, Simple yet Profound
小收煞/xiǎoshōushā/Midpoint Conclusion
小说/xiǎoshuō/Fiction
小篆/xiǎozhuàn/Lesser Seal Script / Small Seal Script
写气图貌/xiěqì-túmào/Depict Outward Features to Convey an Innate Liveliness
写意/xiěyì/Freehand Brushwork
信言不美,美言不信/xìn yán bù měi, měi yán bù xìn/Trustworthy Words May Not Be Fine-sounding; Fine-sounding Words May Not Be Trustworthy.
行书/xíngshū/Running Script
兴/xìng/Evocation
兴观群怨/xìng-guān-qún-yuàn/Stimulation, Contemplation, Communication, and Criticism
兴寄/xìnɡjì/Xingji (Association and Inner Sustenance)
兴趣/xìnɡqù/Xingqu (Charm)
性灵/xìnglíng/Xingling (Inner Self )
雄浑/xiónghún/Powerfulness
虚静/xūjìnɡ/Void and Peace
玄览/xuánlǎn/Xuanlan ( Pure-minded Contemplation )
玄言诗/xuányánshī/Metaphysical Poetry
选体/《Xuǎn》 tǐ, xuǎntǐ/Xuanti Poetry / Poetry in Prince Zhaoming’s Favorite Style
雅俗/yǎsú/Highbrow and Lowbrow
雅乐/yǎyuè/Fine Music
言之无文,行而不远/yán zhī wú wén, xíng ér bù yuǎn/Lackluster Wording Never Travels Far.
扬州八怪/Yánɡzhōu bāɡuài/The Magical Eight Painters of Yangzhou
养气/yǎngqì/Cultivate Qi
一画/yīhuà/All Forms of Painting as Multiplied from a Single Stroke /Oneness in Painting
以形媚道/yǐxínɡ-mèidào/Natural Shapes Adapting to Dao
以形写神/yǐxínɡ-xiěshén/Capture the Spirit Beyond Form
以意逆志/yǐyì-nìzhì/Interpret a Writing from One’s Own Perspective
义法/yìfǎ/Yi Fa (Guidelines for Writing Good Prose)
艺术/yìshù/Art
议对/yìduì/Commentary and Proposal
意不称物,文不逮意/yì bù chèn wù, wén bù dài yì/Ideas Cannot Match Actual Things and Words Cannot Fully Express Ideas.
意境/yìjìnɡ/Aesthetic Conception
意兴/yìxìnɡ/Inspirational Appreciation
因革/yīngé/Inheritance and Innovation
音/yīn/Musical Sounds
隐显/yǐnxiǎn/Concealment and Revelation
隐秀/yǐnxiù/Latent Sentiment and Evident Beauty
隐逸诗/yǐnyìshī/Recluse Poetry
永明体/Yǒnɡmínɡ tǐ/The Yongming Poetic Style
咏史诗/yǒnɡshǐshī/Poetry on History
优人/yōurén/Entertainers
有德者必有言/yǒu dé zhě bì yǒu yán/Virtuous People Are Sure to Produce Fine Writing.
有我之境/无我之境/yǒu wǒ zhī jìnɡ / wú wǒ zhī jìnɡ/Scene Involving the Self / Scene Not Involving the Self
元和体/Yuánhé tǐ/The Yuanhe Style of Poetry
元杂剧/Yuán zájù/Zaju of the Yuan Dynasty
怨刺/yuàncì/Resentment and Sting
院本/yuànběn/Jin Opera / Scripts Used by Courtesans
乐/yuè/Yue (Music)
乐教/yuèjiào/Music Education
韵/yùn/Rhyme / Charm
章表/zhāngbiǎo/Memorial of Gratitude or Petition
章句/zhāngjù/Textual Components / Annotation Work
诏策/zhàocè/Imperial Edicts
正声/zhèngshēng/Proper Music / Finest Poetry
正始体/Zhènɡshǐ tǐ/The Zhengshi Literary Style
郑声/zhènɡshēnɡ/The Music of the State of Zheng
知音/zhīyīn/Resonance and Empathy
直寻/zhíxún/Direct Quest
咫尺有万里之势/zhǐchǐ yǒu wànlǐ zhī shì/Power of Landscape Within Inches
至乐无乐/zhìlè-wúlè/Utmost Happiness Lies in Not Aware of the Happiness.
治世之音/zhìshìzhīyīn/Music of an Age of Good Order
诸宫调/zhūgōngdiào/Song-speech Drama
主文而谲谏/zhǔ wén ér jué jiàn/Admonition Through Tactful Wording
祝盟/zhùméng/Benediction and Vow of Allegiance
转益多师/zhuǎnyì-duōshī/Learn from Many Masters, and Form Your Own Style
滋味/zīwèi/Nuanced Flavor
紫之夺朱/zǐzhīduózhū/Purple Prevailing over Red
自然英旨/zìrán-yīngzhǐ/Charm of Spontaneity
总集/zǒngjí/General Collection / Anthology
奏启/zòuqǐ/Memorial or Statement to Present One’s View to the Emperor
尊碑贬帖/zūnbēi-biǎntiè/Praising Stone Inscriptions while Belittling Copying from Stone Rubbings
附录Appendices
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1. 本站分享的所有书籍均来源于自互联网,我们只进行收集整理,并不对书籍内容进行更改。
2. 部分书籍中可能有书籍压制者放置的广告,这并不是本站所为,请注意甄别。
3. 我们分享这些书籍,纯粹是出于知识分享的热情,以及对互联网分享精神的高度认同和践行,不以盈利为目的。
4. 本站分享的所有书籍,仅供个人学习研究使用,请勿用于任何商业用途,否则产生的一切法律纠纷与本站无关。
5. 如果这些书籍让你有所收获,在条件允许的情况下,请一定购买正版书籍,这是对创作者最好的支持。
6. 如果您是此书籍的版权所有者,且您不希望此作品出现在本站,请联系我们,我们将在收到您的请求后48小时内予以删除。
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